1. Copemnan et al. (1995) examined 21 microsatellite marker loci in 445 human familieswith type 1 diabetes (T1D). One marker locus, D2S152, had three alleles (denote I, II, II)that are candidate to have a significant effect on T1D. The following table provides thedata for these three alleles. For example, parents heterozygous for marker D2S152transmitted allele I to T1D offspring 81 times while transmitting an alternative alleleonly 45 times. What are the likelihood ratio, LOD score, and P-value under TDT?Multiple testing should be considered. What conclusion can be drawn about the markerlocus D2S152?AlleleTransmittedNot transmitted8145II5973II3624

Answered: Copemnan et al. (1995) examined 21…

MATLAB: An Introduction with Applications

6th Edition

ISBN:9781119256830

Author:Amos Gilat

Publisher:Amos Gilat

Chapter1: Starting With Matlab

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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Researchers1 asked parents of 19 American children, ages 8 to 12, to complete surveys on the number of hours their children spent reading and on the number of hours they spent on screen-based media time. Each of the children also underwent magnetic resonance imaging to assess connectivity in the brain. More time spent reading was associated with higher connectivity,while more screen time was associated with lower connectivity in the brains of the children.1. Horowitz-Kraus T and Hutton J, “Brain connectivity in children is increased by the time they spend reading books and decreased by the length of exposure to screen-based media,” How many variables are there?
Q. The hippocampus shrinks in late adulthood, leading to impaired memory and increased risk for demen- tia. In a study of evaluating whether exercise training expands the hippocampus and improves spatial memory, 60 healthy but sedentary participants, aged 58 to 70, joined a one-year aerobic exercise pro- gram. Magnetic resonance images were collected before the intervention and again after the completion of the program and participants’ hippocampal volumes (in cm3) were measured. (a) Does exercise training increase the average size of hippocampus by more than 0.1 cm3? Give a test at 5% level of significance.
Noting the paucity of information on the effect of estrogen on platelet membrane fatty acid composition, Ranganath et al. (A-48) conducted a study to examine the possibility that changes may be present in postmenopausal women and that these may be reversible with estrogen treatment. The 31 women recruited for the study had not menstruated for at least 3 months or had symptoms of the menopause. No woman was on any form of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) at the time she was recruited. Table 5 shows the platelet membrane linoleic acid values before and after a period of HRT. Are the two variances equal?
Colonoscopy is a medical procedure that is designed to find and remove precancerous lesions in the colon before they become cancerous. The article “Association of Colonoscopy and Death from Colorectal Cancer” (N. Baxter, M. Goldwasser, et al., Annals of Internal Medicine, 2009:1–8) reports that in a sample of 10,292 people diagnosed with colorectal cancer, 7.0% had previously had a colonoscopy, and in a sample of 51,460 people without colorectal cancer, 9.8% had previously had a colonoscopy. Can you conclude that the percentage of people who have had colonoscopies is greater in those without colorectal cancer?
Grey-Seal Nursing. Grey seals are one of several types of earless seals. The length of time that a female grey seal nurses her pup is studied by S. Twiss et al. in the article “Variation in Female Grey Seal (Halichoerus grypus) Reproductive Performance Correlates to Proactive-Reactive Behavioural Types” (PLOS ONE 7(11): e49598. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0049598). The average lactation (nursing) period of all earless seals is 23 days. A hypothesis test is to be performed to decide whether the mean lactation period of grey seals differs from 23 days. a. determine the null hypothesis. b. determine the alternative hypothesis. c. classify the hypothesis test as two tailed, left tailed, or right tailed.
Kuru is a prion disease of the Fore people of highland New Guinea. It was once transmitted by the consumption of deceased relatives at mortuary feasts, a ritual that was ended by about 1960. Using archived tissue samples, Mead et al. (2009) investigated genetic variants that might confer resistance to kuru. The data in the accompanying table are genotypes at codon 129 of the prion protein gene of young and elderly individuals all having the disease. Since the elderly individuals have survived long exposure to kuru, unusually common genotypes in this group might indicate resistant genotypes. b) Test whether genotype frequencies differ between the two age groups. Provide your answer below. (Your answer should include 1) null and alternative hypothesis, 2) degrees of freedom, 3) calculated chi-square value, 4) critical chi-square value (alpha=0.05) and 5) final biological conclusion)
A trainer has developed a training method that they believe could improve a person’s performance in a marathon. To test the training method’s effects, she randomly selects 61 runners. First, they all run a marathon using their typical training method, then 6 months later they all use the trainer’s new method to train, and run the same marathon again. The trainer measures the time it takes each runner to complete the first marathon and the second marathon. She uses an alpha level of .01 to test whether the runners’ are faster using her method (hint: which means the runners times would have decreased in the second marathon/or time 2) This hypothesis test requires a(n) a. Independent sample t-test b. Dependent sample/repeated measures t-test c. Single sample Z test d. Single sample t test
Noting the paucity of information on the effect of estrogen on platelet membrane fatty acid composition, Ranganath et al. (A-48) conducted a study to examine the possibility that changes may be present in postmenopausal women and that these may be reversible with estrogen treatment. The 31 women recruited for the study had not menstruated for at least 3 months or had symptoms of the menopause. No woman was on any form of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) at the time she was recruited. Table 5 shows the platelet membrane linoleic acid values before and after a period of HRT. Is HRT significantly effective?
Anxiety disorders and symptoms can often be effectivelytreated with benzodiazepine medications. It isknown that animals exposed to stress exhibit adecrease in benzodiazepine receptor binding in thefrontal cortex. The article “Decreased BenzodiazepineReceptor Binding in Prefrontal Cortex in Combat-Related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder” (Amer. J.of Psychiatry, 2000: 1120–1126) described the firststudy of benzodiazepine receptor binding in individualssuffering from PTSD. The accompanying data on areceptor binding measure (adjusted distribution volume)was read from a graph in the article.PTSD: 10, 20, 25, 28, 31, 35, 37, 38, 38, 39, 39,42, 46Healthy: 23, 39, 40, 41, 43, 47, 51, 58, 63, 66, 67,69, 72Use various methods from this chapter to describe andsummarize the data.
A study shows that exercise appears to offer some resiliency against stress. In the study, mice were randomly assigned to live in an enriched environment (EE), a standard environment (SE), or an impoverished environment (IE) for several weeks. Only the enriched environment provided opportunities for exercise. Half the mice then remained in their home cage (HC) as control groups while half were subjected to stress (SD) by being placed repeatedly with a very aggressive mouse. All the mice in SD exhibited acute signs of stress during these brief exposures to "mouse bullies." The researchers were interested in how resilient the mice were in recovering from the stress after the mouse bullying stopped.' There were eight mice in each of the six groups, and conditions for the ANOVA tests are met. Time Hiding in Darkness One measure of mouse anxiety is amount of time hiding in a dark compartment, with mice that are more anxious spending more time in darkness. The amount of time (in seconds)…
A developmental psychologist is interested in whether children (age 5 and 11 years) differ in their liking of jazz music. The psychologist studies 100 children at a local elementary school by having them listen to 3 different jazz songs and then, after hearing all three songs, asks them to rate whether they like that type of music or not (yes or no). Referring to Table 1, test whether liking jazz music depends on the age of the child using an alpha of 0.05 and all the steps in hypothesis testing.
The board of ‘NAZH Hospital’ desires to analyze the waiting time in minutes for the Covid vaccine dose of the first 100 patients. The data in Table 1.1 below shows the waiting time of patients for Covid vaccine dose: 14 25 51 58 16 54 13 12 17 45 39 25 51 43 43 10 14 32 45 51 40 21 13 42 16 10 35 14 14 40 31 55 11 52 15 42 21 55 39 28 39 48 30 28 21 49 31 48 54 29 11 22 27 32 38 38 22 21 41 17 25 22 50 31 20 46 21 27 22 24 36 38 21 14 33 52 60 35 47 51 13 24 50 14 54 36 19 53 29 49 16 39 47 56 60 36 40 16 13 16 a) Compute the 35th and 58th percentile. b) Compute the average waiting time of 1st and 3rd quartile. c) Draw a box plot for the above data.

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