Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134580999
Author: Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher: PEARSON
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The image depicts a pedigree chart focusing on the inheritance of hemophilia, a recessive X-linked blood clotting disorder, within the descendants of Queen Victoria. The chart is used to illustrate genetic inheritance patterns to evaluate the probability that Princess Irene is a carrier of the hemophilia allele.

### Key Elements in the Pedigree:

- **Symbols:**
  - Squares represent males.
  - Circles represent females.
  - Shaded icons indicate individuals affected by hemophilia.
  - Unshaded icons indicate individuals who are unaffected.
  - A half-shaded circle represents a known or potential carrier of the hemophilia allele.

### Family Overview:

- **Queen Victoria (1819-1901):** 
  - Listed at the top of the chart, she is presumed to have been a carrier of the hemophilia allele.

- **Direct Descendants:**
  - Victoria's children include several male and female heirs, among whom some are carriers or affected by hemophilia.

- **Notable Descendants:**
  - **Leopold, Duke of Albany:** Identified as affected by hemophilia (shaded square).
  - **Frederick:** Identified as affected (shaded square).
  - **Maurice:** Another male descendant who is affected (shaded square).

- **Princess Irene:**
  - The subject of interest in the question, she is a daughter of Alice of Hesse. The potential for her to be a carrier is indicated by her connection to Victoria's line, but her circle remains unshaded suggesting an unknown carrier status.

### Genetic Context:

- **Recessive X-linked Inheritance:**
  - Males (XY) inheriting the affected X chromosome will manifest the disorder.
  - Females (XX) may be carriers if they inherit one affected X chromosome, potentially passing it to their offspring without showing symptoms themselves.

### Question Focus:

- **Probability of Princess Irene Being a Carrier:**
  - This requires evaluating the potential transmission of the recessive allele from her mother, a daughter of a known carrier (Queen Victoria), and the possibility of inheriting an affected X chromosome.

This educational illustration is used to teach genetic inheritance patterns and the complexities of X-linked disorders in royal lineages.
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Transcribed Image Text:The image depicts a pedigree chart focusing on the inheritance of hemophilia, a recessive X-linked blood clotting disorder, within the descendants of Queen Victoria. The chart is used to illustrate genetic inheritance patterns to evaluate the probability that Princess Irene is a carrier of the hemophilia allele. ### Key Elements in the Pedigree: - **Symbols:** - Squares represent males. - Circles represent females. - Shaded icons indicate individuals affected by hemophilia. - Unshaded icons indicate individuals who are unaffected. - A half-shaded circle represents a known or potential carrier of the hemophilia allele. ### Family Overview: - **Queen Victoria (1819-1901):** - Listed at the top of the chart, she is presumed to have been a carrier of the hemophilia allele. - **Direct Descendants:** - Victoria's children include several male and female heirs, among whom some are carriers or affected by hemophilia. - **Notable Descendants:** - **Leopold, Duke of Albany:** Identified as affected by hemophilia (shaded square). - **Frederick:** Identified as affected (shaded square). - **Maurice:** Another male descendant who is affected (shaded square). - **Princess Irene:** - The subject of interest in the question, she is a daughter of Alice of Hesse. The potential for her to be a carrier is indicated by her connection to Victoria's line, but her circle remains unshaded suggesting an unknown carrier status. ### Genetic Context: - **Recessive X-linked Inheritance:** - Males (XY) inheriting the affected X chromosome will manifest the disorder. - Females (XX) may be carriers if they inherit one affected X chromosome, potentially passing it to their offspring without showing symptoms themselves. ### Question Focus: - **Probability of Princess Irene Being a Carrier:** - This requires evaluating the potential transmission of the recessive allele from her mother, a daughter of a known carrier (Queen Victoria), and the possibility of inheriting an affected X chromosome. This educational illustration is used to teach genetic inheritance patterns and the complexities of X-linked disorders in royal lineages.
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