Connection between Electron Transport & Phosphorylation Task: 1. Define P/O ratio 2. Explain its importance
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Topic : Connection between Electron Transport & Phosphorylation
Task:
1. Define P/O ratio
2. Explain its importance
State all the explanations in point form
Step by step
Solved in 3 steps
- . Intracellular concentrations in resting muscle are as follows: fructose- 6-phosphate, 1.0 mM; fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, 10 mM; AMP, 0.1 mM; ADP, 0.5 mM; ATP, 5 mM; and P;, 10 mM. Is the phosphofruc- tokinase reaction in muscle more or less exergonic than under stan- dard conditions? By how much?Additional information: ATP production by the ETC and ATP Synthase per glucose varies somewhat depending on the energy required to move NADH into the mitochondria and other energy uses for the hydrogen-ion gradient. Additional questions: 1.) How many ATP's are generally yielded by oxidative phosphorylation from the catabolism of one glucose? 2.) Summarize the total ATP's obtained from a single molecule of glucose, from start to finish? asapA4. what conformational state is stabilized by y in atp synthase? why might achieving this state require energy input from the pmf?
- Discuss two approaches (methods) based on week-intermolecular forces on detection of ATP over AMP? please explain, hand written answer will be preffered, thanksa.Write the balanced reactions catalyzed by complex I, II, III, and 1V, and using these, write the balanced net reaction for the electron transport chain. Structures are not necessary. b. Write the balanced reaction for the ATP synthase reaction. c. Write the net reaction for Oxidative phosphorylation showing the ATP produced from NADH oxidation and FADH2 oxidation. (this is in your text) d. Write the balanced reaction for ATP production by aerobic metabolism starting with glucose.Energy production pathway in targeted by drugs in the malignant (cancerous) cells to control an X cancer type. Use your speculation and tell targeting and destroying which one energy-producing agent of the oxidative phosphorylation will be most effective in blocking most of the energy and why?
- Worksheet on Computation of ATP yield from Fatty acid metabolism. Consider docosanoic acid, C21H43CO2H a. Label alpha (a) and beta ( B) carbons b. Draw the acyl COA derived from this fatty acid c. How many acetyl CoA molecules are formed by complete B-oxidation? d. How many cycles of B- oxidation are needed for complete oxidation? e. How many molecules of ATP are formed from the complex catabolism of this fatty acid.5. You discover a new cysteine protease similar to papain. Cysteine proteases are proteolytic enzymes that utilize a cysteine residue in the active site for the nucleophilic attack of a peptide bond, while a second residue acts as a base for proton abstraction in the reaction (acid base catalysis). In this novel enzyme the pKa of the cysteine residue is significantly lowered by the active site environment to pKa=4. a. Knowing that the protease shows highest activity between pH 4-6, what could be the identity of the base residue acting as a in the reaction? Explain and write the expected mechanism for the reaction. SH онCalculate the ATP yield for the full catabolism of a phospholipid containing ethanolamine, C18:3 Δ9, 12, 15 and oleic acid. Include any ATP “expenses” or “income”. This will be a complex problem—neatly show your work and justify your choices.
- Please state if the statements are true or false. 1. A pyranose is a sugar in Haworth projection that contains a 5-membered ring2. The conversion of 1 moleof phosphoenolpyruvate to 1 mole of pyruvate generates 2 moles of ATPI. ATP Calculation A. Given that three molecules of glucose underwent full oxidation, how many of the following is produced in each phase? Show your solutions. Glycolysis NADH FADH₂ ATP NADH FADH2 A B C ATP (Substrate Level) SUM TOTAL J K D E [1] F Pyruvate Oxidation F If this happens in the liver, how many ATPs will be synthesized if all NADH and FADH₂ entered ETC.. Total number L M N G H I O Kreb's Cycle ATP ProducedVelocity, activity units/mg protein 31 5 4 3 ~ 0 5 15 20 Aspartate concentration, mM 10 - Control - With CTP With ATP 25 Figure 2: Kinetics of ATCase in the presence of ATP and CTP (based on Gerhart and Pardee, 1962). The kinetics of the ATCase reaction were examined using increasing concentrations of aspartate, in the presence and absence of CTP and ATP as shown in Figure 2. a. What information can you obtain by looking at the shapes of the curves in this figure? b. What kinetic parameter(s) change in the presence of CTP? What parameter(s) do not change? What is the significance of these observations? c. Answer question 2b for ATP.