An allele causes homozygous individuals to die before birth. The allele is continuously being generated in the population by loss of function mutations within a gene that is important for mitosis and meiosis. Heterozygotes for the allele experience a reduction in fitness because 5% of heterozygotes are sterile. The remaining 95% of heterozygotes and all homozygotes for the wild-type allele are fertile and viable. The frequency of the allele amongst individuals at birth is 1/5000. A. What is the rate of mutation that creates this allele? B. What is the average fitness of individuals in the population? C. What is the average fitness of individuals from a mating between first cousins?

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### Genetic Mutation and Fitness in Populations

**Background:**
An allele causes homozygous individuals to die before birth. This allele is continuously generated in the population through loss-of-function mutations within a gene crucial for mitosis and meiosis. Heterozygotes for the allele experience reduced fitness, with 5% of them being sterile. The remaining 95% of heterozygotes and all homozygotes for the wild-type allele are fertile and viable. The frequency of the allele among individuals at birth is 1/5000.

#### Questions:

**A. What is the rate of mutation that creates this allele?**

**B. What is the average fitness of individuals in the population?**

**C. What is the average fitness of individuals from a mating between first cousins?**

**D. Decrease in Fitness from Inbreeding:**

The decrease in fitness from inbreeding can be calculated using the formula:

\[
1 - \frac{W_{\text{inbred}}}{W_{\text{outbred}}}
\]

**What is the average decrease in fitness from inbreeding between cousins for this mutation in this population?**

### Diagram Explanation:
The text does not provide any diagrams or graphs. If diagrams or calculations are required for solving these problems, they would typically show allele frequency charts, fitness calculations, or inbreeding coefficient tables to illustrate the genetic and fitness implications described above.
Transcribed Image Text:### Genetic Mutation and Fitness in Populations **Background:** An allele causes homozygous individuals to die before birth. This allele is continuously generated in the population through loss-of-function mutations within a gene crucial for mitosis and meiosis. Heterozygotes for the allele experience reduced fitness, with 5% of them being sterile. The remaining 95% of heterozygotes and all homozygotes for the wild-type allele are fertile and viable. The frequency of the allele among individuals at birth is 1/5000. #### Questions: **A. What is the rate of mutation that creates this allele?** **B. What is the average fitness of individuals in the population?** **C. What is the average fitness of individuals from a mating between first cousins?** **D. Decrease in Fitness from Inbreeding:** The decrease in fitness from inbreeding can be calculated using the formula: \[ 1 - \frac{W_{\text{inbred}}}{W_{\text{outbred}}} \] **What is the average decrease in fitness from inbreeding between cousins for this mutation in this population?** ### Diagram Explanation: The text does not provide any diagrams or graphs. If diagrams or calculations are required for solving these problems, they would typically show allele frequency charts, fitness calculations, or inbreeding coefficient tables to illustrate the genetic and fitness implications described above.
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