Fundamentals of Geotechnical Engineering (MindTap Course List)
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781305635180
Author: Braja M. Das, Nagaratnam Sivakugan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Civil Engineering
Define cohesion and internal friction angle
Discuss the effect of surface roughness on strength of rock mass
Discuss the effect of roughness on cohesion and internal friction angle
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- A soil element beneath a pave ment experiences principal stress rotations when the wheel load, W, passes over it and moves away, as shown in Figure 10.51. In this case, the wheel load has passed over points A and B and is now over point C. The general state of stress at these points is similar to the one shown by a stress block at point D. The phenomenon of principal stress rotation influences the permanent deformation behavior of the pavement layers. Investigate how the magnitude and the orientations of the principal stresses vary with distance from the point of application of the wheel load. Consider the case shown in Figure 10.51. An unpaved aggregate road with a thickness of 610 mm and unit weight of 19.4 kN/m3 is placed over a soil subgrade. A typical single-axle wheel load, W = 40 kN, is applied uniformly over a circular contact area with a radius of R = 150 mm (tire pressure of 565 kN/m2). The horizontal and shear stresses at each point are calculated from a linear elastic finite element analysis for a two-layer pavement and are presented in the following table. a. Use Eq. (10.28) to calculate the vertical stress increases at soil elements A, B, and C that are located at radial distances 0.457,0.267, and 0 m, respectively, from the center of the load. Determine the total vertical stress (y) due to wheel load, the overburden pressure at each point, and enter these values in the table. b. Use the pole method to determine the maximum and minimum principal stresses (1 and 3) for elements A, B, and C. Also determine the orientation (s) of the principal stress with respect to the vertical. Enter these values in the table. c. Plot the variations of 1 and s, with normalized radial distance, r/R, from the center of loading.arrow_forwardEB and FG are two planes inside a soil element ABCD as shown in Figure 10.50. Stress conditions on the two planes are Plane EB: EB = 25 kN/m2; EB = +10 kN/m2 Plane FG: FG = 10 kN/m2; FG = 5 kN/m2 (Note: Mohrs circle sign conventions for stresses are used above) Given ; = 25, determine: a. The maximum and minimum principal stresses b. The angle between the planes EB and FG c. The external stresses on planes AB and BC that would cause the above internal stresses on planes EB and FGarrow_forwardRefer to Figure 10.43. A strip load of q = 1450 lb/ft2 is applied over a width with B = 48 ft. Determine the increase in vertical stress at point A located z = 21 ft below the surface. Given x = 28.8 ft. Figure 10.43arrow_forward
- State whether the following are true or false. a. The higher the friction angle, the higher the value ofK0. b. K0is greater for normally consolidated clays than overconsolidatedclays. c. Active earth pressure coefficient is greater than the passive one. d. The larger the cohesion, the larger is the depth of the tensile cracks inclays in active state. e. Lateral earth pressures increase linearly with depth.arrow_forwardRefer to Figure P6.4. A strip load of q = 900 lb/ft2 is applied over a width B = 36 ft. Determine the increase in vertical stress at point A located z = 15 ft below the surface. Given: x = 27 ft. Figure P6.4arrow_forwardHow does a tensile stress differ from a compressive stress?arrow_forward
- Use Eq. (6.14) to determine the stress increase () at z = 10 ft below the center of the area described in Problem 6.5. 6.5 Refer to Figure 6.6, which shows a flexible rectangular area. Given: B1 = 4 ft, B2 = 6 ft, L1, = 8 ft, and L2 = 10 ft. If the area is subjected to a uniform load of 3000 lb/ft2, determine the stress increase at a depth of 10 ft located immediately below point O. Figure 6.6 Stress below any point of a loaded flexible rectangular areaarrow_forwardThe soil profile at a site is shown Figure P16.3. Find the total horizontal normal stresses at A and B, assuming at-rest conditions.arrow_forwardThe soil profile at a site consists of 10 m of gravelly sand underlain by a soft clay layer. The water table lies 1 m below the ground level. The moist and saturated unit weights of the gravelly sand are 17.0 kN/m3 and 20.0 kN/m3, respectively. Due to some ongoing construction work, it is proposed to lower the water table to 3 m below the ground level. What will be the change in the effective stress on top of the soft clay layer?arrow_forward
- The soil profile at a site consists of 10 m of gravelly sand underlain by a soft clay layer. The water table lies 1 m below the ground level. The moist and saturated unit weights of the gravelly sand are 17.0 kN/m3 and 20.0 kN/m3, respectively. Due to some ongoing construction work, it is proposed to lower the water table to 3 m below the ground level. What will be the change in the effective stress on top of the soft clay layer?arrow_forwardRefer to Figure 8.24. Determine the vertical stress increase, , at point A with the following values: q1 = 100 kN/m x1 = 3 m z = 2 m q2 = 200 kN/m x2 = 2 m FIG. 8.24 Stress at a point due to two line loadsarrow_forwardA 9 ft wide and infinitely long flexible strip load of 800 lb/ft2 is placed on an elastic medium as shown in Figure P8.7. Find the vertical stress increase at points A, B, and C located 3 ft below the surface.arrow_forward
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