chemotherapy drugs. Based on how the drugs work and information about the cell cycle in your note/book, make predictions about in which stages of the cell cycle the drugs would act.
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Oogenesis
The formation of the ovum (mature female gamete) from undifferentiated germ cells is called oogenesis. This process takes place in the ovaries (female gonads). Oogenesis consists of three stages known as the multiplication phase, growth phase, and maturation phase.
Cell Division
Cell division involves the formation of new daughter cells from the parent cells. It is a part of the cell cycle that takes place in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. Cell division is required for three main reasons:
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- Our government has finite funds to devote to cancer research.Discuss which of the following areas of research you think shouldreceive the most funding.A. Identifying and characterizing oncogenes and tumorsuppressorgenesB. Identifying agents in our environment that cause cancerC. Identifying viruses that cause cancer D. Devising methods aimed at killing cancer cells in the bodyE. Informing the public of the risks involved in exposure tocarcinogensIn the long run, in which of these areas would you expect successfulresearch to be the most effective in decreasing human mortalitydue to cancer?Plasma PDGF levels can be a diagnostic marker for severity and progression of breast cancer. The assay data below shows the plasma levels of PDGF in normal individuals, Stage II and Stage IV (More severe). You are treating a patient with breast cancer and assay indicates that their plasma PDGF level 6 fmoles/ 100 uL.Based on this info, in which stages has this patient's cancer progressed? Explain what process this patient's tumor has likely undergone and which cell types you would expect to now be associated with this tumor.CASE STUDY Cancer-killing bacteria Ralph, a 57-year-old man, was diagnosed with colon cancer.His oncologist discussed the use of radiation andchemotherapy as treatments, both of which can causedebilitating side effects. Ralph decided to explore other optionsand went to a cancer clinic. He learned that researchers in asynthetic biology program were testing the use of geneticallymodified bacterial cells designed to selectively invade specifictumors and kill cancer cells, with no effects on normal cells.Ralph decided to participate and was informed that he wouldbe part of a phase III trial, comparing the effects of the modifiedbacterial cell treatment against conventional chemotherapy.However, as part of the trial, he would be randomly assigned toreceive one or the other treatment. He was disappointed to learnthis, because he assumed that he would receive the bacterialtherapy.Question: Informed consent is legally and ethically required beforesomeone participates in a clinical trial.…
- Explain the mechanism of these in cancer treatment, all details needed. no details no rate.In your own words, explain how cancer cells differ from normal cells in regard to the following: Molecular controls of the cell cycle (include Cdk and Cdk/cyclin complexes, p53 gene/protein, Rb gene/protein in response)Hi can you elaborate in detail about the following; thanks. The fabrication of 3D printers cellular scaffolds for cancer research. Would this process is viable? Are there potential disadvantages to this model that can be solved by a traditional or other novel method?
- 1) Explain what is the role of PTEN in the regulation of cell cycle/growth and how does it lead to cancer and gove one example of a cancer caused by mutation in the gene of PTEN protein and how doctors detected pten gene mutation in that cancer?Match each of the changes that can contribute to cancer with its correct description. Loss of function of regulators that send old or damaged cells into apoptosis Hyperactivation of signalling pathways that tell the cell to grow and divide 1. Sustaining proliferative signalling Loss of function of structural proteins that anchor cells to surrounding tissue and/or activation of cell migration 2. Evading growth suppressors 3. Activating invasion and metastasis Loss of function of 4. Enabling replicative immortality regulators that stop inappropriate growth and cell division 5. Inducing angiogenesis 6. Resisting cell death Loss of function of regulators that force aging cells to exit the cell cycle and enter GO or replicative senescence 00Personalized cancer treatments involve identifying specific pathways in an individual tumor and selecting drugs that are effective for the modified pathways. One way to do this is to take culture cells from a biopsy of a specific paient and test the effects of a battery of drugs on the patiets cells in culture. How might heterotypic interactions complicate this strategy? How might cells be cultured differently to minimize these complications (limit 5-6 sentences)?
- Jurkat cells are an immortalized line of human T-lymphocytes cells that are used to study acute T cell leukemia. K562 cells were the first human immortalized myelogenous leukemia cell line to be established. Resting= control, Etoposide= drug. Below is shown the results of floweytometry of untreated and treated cells.Out of these 8 hallmarks ( sustaining proliferative signaling, evading growth suppressors, resisting cell death, enabling replicative immortality, inducing angiogenesis, activating invasion and metastasis, deregulating cellular energetics and metabolism, and avoiding immune destruction). Rank them from least important to most for cancer development. Explain in 2-3 sentences how.Heterotypic interactions of tumor cells have been a fertile area for potential therapeutic interventions. Find a specific example of a drug/therapy that targets these interactions and explain the mechanism by which it treats cancer.