. Which Endocrine Gland is most vulnerable to Infection? Why?  2. Which Endocrine Gland is most vulnerable to physiological malfunction? Why?  3. A 15 y/o female patient shows high CH and THS but with Normal RH can be diagnosed with (a) what endocrine disorder and (b) what level/variation?  4. A 23 y/o male diagnosed with cretinism is known what kind of disorder? What gland is responsible for this? Explain.  5. On an honest note, how do you view endocrinology?  Tip: Utilize the P.R.E.S. technique when answering.  P: Point R: Reason E: Excuse S: Summary

4. Explain the three most common types of endocrine pathologies.

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6. With regards to the following hormones, know a) which endocrine gland releases it (the source) b) on what target cell/organ the hormone acts and c) what effect the hormone causes: Hormone Source Target cell/organ Effect Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) Luteinizing hormone (LH) Prolactin Oxytocin Vasopressin, ADH (antidiuretic hormone) Growth hormone # 24 % & 3 4 7 W E R T Y * C0 < CO

1. Explain and give an example of a positive feedback loop for the regulation of hormone secretion.   2.Explain the difference between prostaglandins and hormones. List some of the body functions that can be influenced by prostaglandins

1. How does the endocrine system transmit its messages? What functions do the pituitary gland, adrenal glands, pancreas, and gonads (testes or ovaries) perform?

10. Previous pituitary hormones travel to which structure(s)? to. Thyroid b. Adrenal medulla C. Testes d. A and C only e. All of the above 11. Which hormone is released from the hypothalamus when body temperature is too low? Corticotropic Releasing Hormone (CRH) b. Gonadotropic Releasing Hormone (GNRH) c. Thyrotropic Releasing Hormone (TRH) d. Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone (GHRH) e. Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)||

5. A 23-year-old man was admitted to a hospital for a planned surgical operation. When performing the surgical operation to remove a tumor from the upper section of the anterior pituitary, an isthmus of the posterior pituitary was 552 Chapter 9. Molecular endocrinology affected. In the postoperative period, in the patient polyuria developed. How to explain the patient symptom? For answer: a) name the hormones synthesized in the hypothalamus and secreted from the posterior lobe of the pituitary; b) draw a schematic mechanism of this hormone signal transduction; c) name the hormone effects.

8. Disorders of the Endocrine System: Fill in the table describing disorders of the Endocrine System. Type 1 diabetes mellitus A. Hypersecretion of cortisol – resulting in "moon face" and high blood pressure. B. Antibodies produced by the immune system stimulate the thyroid gland resulting in hyperthyroidism, often accompanied with protrusion of the eyes. Type 2 diabetes mellitus C. Hypersecretion of hGH during childhood causes a notable increase in height. Diabetes insipidus Cushing's syndrome D. Severe hypothyroidism. E. Destruction of the beta cells of the pancreas early in life results in low levels of insulin production. As a result, glucose cannot enter cells. Acromegaly. F. Hyposecretion of hGH resulting in slow growth pattern and an unusually small stature. Gigantism Addison's disease G. Hyposecretion of ADH or the kidneys not responding appropriately to ADH causes the body to excrete large volumes of urine, resulting in dehydration and thirst. Myxedema H. Target cells become…

11. Name the hormone(s) produced in excessive amounts that directly result in the following conditions. 1. in the adult: large bones of the hands, feet, and face 2. nervousness, irregular pulse rate, sweating 3. demineralization of bones, spontaneous fractures