Cancer cells can divide much longer than most other cells. One possible reason is the presence of telomerase in cancer cells. How might telomerase aid cancer cells? A. It proofreads the telomere sequences. B. It increases the length of the telomeres. C. It decreases the length of the telomeres. D. It stabilizes the bonds in the telomeres.

Cancer cells can divide much longer than most other cells. One possible reason is the presence of telomerase in cancer cells. How might telomerase aid cancer cells? A. It proofreads the telomere sequences. B. It increases the length of the telomeres. C. It decreases the length of the telomeres. D. It stabilizes the bonds in the telomeres.

Essentials of Pharmacology for Health Professions

7th Edition

ISBN:9781305441620

Author:WOODROW

Publisher:WOODROW

Chapter14: Antineoplastic Drugs

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 11CRQ

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Which of the following is true about the enzyme telomerase? A. It is found only in adult cells. B. It is responsible for telomere shortening. C. It can re-establish telomere length. D. It may speed up the aging process. E. It is expressed at low levels in cancer cells.
Cells that have deregulated expression of telomerase can become cancerous. This can be attributable to what? A. Telomerase can directly induce mutations in essential genes that can result in cancer. B. Telomerase allows cells to replicate indefinitely without end-shortening issues. C. Telomerase interferes with the function of repair enzyme complexes at the ends of the chromosome, causing DNA damages to persist. D. Telomerase inhibits regulators of the cell cycle leading to cancer.
The BRCA genes produce DNA repair proteins. Genetic testing is available that can determine if a person has a mutation in the BRCA genes that makes the proteins less able to function. What is the result of a BRCA mutation? A. The person is more likely to develop cancer if other DNA in the cell mutates. B. The person is less likely to develop cancer unless the BRCA region is methylated. C. The person is less likely to develop cancer because the BRCA gene will inhibit the cell cycle checkpoints. D. The person is more likely to develop cancer because the BRCA gene promotes an increased rate for mitosis.
Which statement about transposons is INCORRECT? a.A transposon is a small fragment of DNA that can move from one location in a chromosome to another location in the same chromosome. b.Transposon insertion into a gene causes a mutation that can be reversed by removal of the transposon. c.Transposon movement often occurs when the cell is under genomic stress. d.In nature, insertion of a transposon can be deliberately added into a harmful gene to enhance survival.
Cancer cells must be able to proliferate indefinitely. Therefore, many inappropriately express telomerase. a. What is the function of telomerase? b. Why does telomerase enable cells to proliferate indefinitely?
A research laboratory uses a cancer cell line that has undergone thousands of cell cycle divisions in the laboratory without any change in the length of its chromosomes. The most likely reason the chromosomes aren’t shortening is that the cancer cells are expressing Select one: a. very low levels of telomerase. b. high levels of telomerase. c. high levels of RNA polymerase. d. DNA polymerases with high fidelity. e. high levels of ligase activity.
Telomerase is not active in most human cells. Some cancer biologists have suggested that activation of the telomerase gene would be a requirement for a cell to become cancerous. Explain why this might be the case.
Which of these is NOT true of nucleosomes? A. Some post-translational modifications to histone proteins serve as binding sites for transcription factors. B. The position of nucleosomes is fixed on the genome and can not be changed. C. The position and post-translational modifications of histones can be inherited through mitosis. D. The binding between DNA and histone proteins can be disrupted by post-translational modifications.
Bob's telomerase works extremely well (10x better than the average humans). Explain the function of telomerase in normal people. Describe one advantage to Bob that you would predict. Describe one disadvantage for Bob you might predict. (3 sentences)
Which of the following statements are correct about telomeres (select all that apply)? A. A total of 6 nucleotides are lost at the end of each chromsome during each replication cycle. B. Addition of telomerase to cells that have undergone breakage-fusion-bridge cycles can reverse crisis C. Shortening of telomeres prevents cells from becoming cancerous even if they have oncogenes and defective tumor suppressor genes D. All cancer cells express high levels of telomerase E. Chromosomes without telomeres tend to undergo end-to-end fusions
The BRCA genes produce DNA repair proteins. Genetic testing is available that can determine if a person has a mutation in the BRCA genes that makes the proteins less able to function. What is the result of a BRCA mutation? A. The person is more likely to develop cancer if other DNA in the cell mutates. O B. The person is less likely to develop cancer unless the BRCA region is methylated. O C. The person is less likely to develop cancer because the BCA gene will inhibit the cell cycle checkpoints. D. The person is more likely to develop cancer because the BRCA gene promotes an increased rate for mitosis. swered MacBool F1 F2 F3 D00 F4 F5 F6 F7 F8 $ % & * 2 云 # 3
Why can the transcriptome not be used to predict the proteome with complete accuracy? a. It cannot be sequenced like the genome can be. b. The transcriptome is too dynamic to be used to make predictions. c. Not all genes are transcribed. d. Many transcripts are alternatively spliced to produce different proteins.