Calculate the number of ATPS generated by the complete metabolic oxidation of tripalmitin (tripalmitoylglycerol). Hydrolysis of the tri- acylglycerol occurs at the cell surface. Consider the energy yield from catabolism of glycerol, as well as from the fatty acids. Calculate the ATP yield per carbon atom oxidized, and compare it with the energy yield from glucose.

Consider a 24:1 △­­cis-9 fatty acid in the mitochondrion.   For each fatty acid given, determine the following. Gross ATP from b-oxidation cycles Gross ATP from acetyl CoA produced Gross ATP from conversion of propionyl CoA (if applicable) Total number of ATP deducted Total net ATP

The removal of fatty acids from triacylglycerols leaves glycerol. Show how the actions of glycerol kinase and glycerol-3-phosphatedehydrogenase on glycerol produce an intermediate of glycolysis.

Mention two biological advantages to an organism that stores its carbohydrate reserves as starch or glycogen rather than as an equivalent amount of free glucose.  What role does the protein, glycogenin play in glycogen synthesis? Name the reactants and products of the first two steps of the gluconeogenesis pathway if pyruvate is used as the starting material (structures not needed). Explain why people with a deficiency of the enzyme glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) suffer from hemolytic anemia What is meant by reciprocal regulation? Name one compound that reciprocally regulates glycolysis and gluconeogenesis pathways. Which enzymes are regulated by this compound? What reactions are catalyzed by these enzymes?