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- In addition to symptoms of diabetes, all the following are criteria recommended by the American Diabetes Association for use in the diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus EXCEPT: O Random plasma glucose concentration > 180 mg/dL. O Fasting plasma glucose > 126 mg/dL. O 2-Hour glucose > 200 mg/dL during a 2 hour post prandial glucose test O Hemoglobin A1C > 6.5%110. In screening for diabetes mellitus, a serum glucose concentration of 180 mg/dL instead of 120 mg/dL is used as a cut point for normal. Which of the following effect on sensitivity and specificity? O A) OB) OC) OD) O E) OF) O G) O H) OD) Sensitivity Decrease Decrease Decrease Increase Increase Increase No change No change No change Specificity decrease increase no change decrease increase no change decrease increase no changeAzithromycin can be administered either orally as a slow release of active ingredients (known as extended release) or intravenously (IV) into the bloodstream (known as immediate release). Calculate the appropriate dosage of both extended and immediate release azithromycin for a 17.0 lb patient. Orally administered extended-release azithromycin dosage for a child is 60 mg per kg of body weight. Calculate the dosage in mg of azithromycin for a 17.0 lb child. IV administered immediate-release azithromycin dosage for a child is 10 mg per kg of body weight. Calculate the dosage in mg of azithromycin for a 17.0 lb child.
- 4. (a) If a 10-mL vial of insulin contains 100 units of insulin per milliliter, and a pa- tient is to administer 20 units daily, how many days will the product last the pa- ра- tient? (b) If the patient returned to the pharmacy in exactly 7 weeks for another vial of insulin, was the patient compliant as indicated by the percent compliance rate? 5. A prescription is to be taken as follows: 1 tablet q.i.d. the first day; 1 tablet t.i.d. the second day; 1 tablet b.id. X 5 d; and 1 tablet q.d. thereafter. How many tablets should be dispensed to equal a 30-day supply?What are the sources of errors in Glucose oxidase and Hexokinase methods? 2. Describe each of the following blood determination for glucose. a.) RBS b.) FBS c.) 2-hr PPT d.) OGTT Part 2 What makes HbA1c more ideal in diabetes monitoring than FBS? Enumerate and explain the techniques in doing HbA1c analysis.Answer the question.. A patient requires 40 units of NPH insulin and 10 units ofregular insulin daily subcutaneously. What is the correctsequence when mixing insulins?a. Inject air into the regular insulin vial and withdraw 10units; then, using the same syringe, inject air into the NPHvial and withdraw 40 units of NPH insulin.b. Inject air into the NPH insulin vial, being careful not toallow the solution to touch the needle; next, inject air into the regular insulin vial and withdraw 10 units; then, with-draw 40 units of NPH insulin. c. Inject air into the regular insulin vial, being careful not toallow the solution to touch the needle; next, inject air into the NPH insulin vial and withdraw 40 units; then, with-draw 10 units of regular insulin. d. Inject air into the NPH insulin vial and withdraw 40 units;then, using the same syringe, inject air into the regular.
- A client with T2DM is admitted to the medical unit with pneumonia. The client’s oral antidiabetic medication has been discontinued and the patient is now receiving insulin for glucose control. Which of the following statements best explains the rationale for this change in medication? Question 73 options: a) Insulin administration will help prevent hypoglycemia during the illness b) Acute illnesses like pneumonia will cause increased insulin resistance c) Infection has compromised beta cell function so the client will need insulin from now on d) Stress-related conditions such as infections induce a hypermetabolic stateWhat is the structural difference between insulin produced by the body and synthetic insulin given to diabetes patients? Provide images, description and explanation.The pathophysiology of chronic diabetic complications is related to which process? Question 65 options: a) Oxidative stress and ROS have a limited role in the pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus b) Sorbitol and fructose are products of the polyol pathway that accumulate and reduce intracellular osmotic pressure causing cellular injury c) AGEs are formed by the irreversible binding of glucose to proteins, lipids and nucleic acids d) The hexosamine pathway causes pathologic changes in gene expression associated with increased insulin activity and improved cardiovascular health
- Briefly explain two (2) advantages of dapagliflozin for patients with cardiovascular diseaseAn unresponsive client who has diabetes is brought to the emergency department with rapid, deep respirations. Additional findings include: blood glucose 24.9 mmol/L, arterial pH 7.2 and urinalysis showing presence of ketones and glucose. Which of the following statements best describes the underlying cause of this patient’s presentation? Question 64 options: a) Relative insulin deficiency, causing hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, renal dysfunction and acidosis b) Nocturnal elevation of growth hormone resulting in hyperglycemia in the morning c) Absolute insulin deficiency, increased counter-regulatory hormone, lipolysis and free fatty acid release d) Hypoglycemia causes release of glucagon, resulting in glycogenolysis and hyperglycemiaA high-dose treatment of osteosarcoma includes the use of methotrexate at a starting dose of 12g/m2 as a 4-hour intravenous infusion. For a patient having a BSA of 1.7 m2 and weighing 162 lb,calculate the dose on the basis of mg/kg/min.