Based on the given design criteria, and without carrying out any preliminary calculations, develop a conceptual design of the three types of foundations as described above. Express your concepts by outlining the following:How the construction processes and challenges, and repair and maintenance can be minimized.How sustainability and climate change can be addressed. Specifications for soil and ground conditionsAs shown in Figure 2, the soil profile underlying the area consists of soft loamy sand, dense silty sand andweathered limestone which is overlaying bedrock. Elevations are indicated. Following a site investigationat the area, the cone penetrometer test results shown below were taken from the ground surface (Figure3). Design and loading conditions to be considered immediately after construction of the project. It is alsoknown that the water table depth (WT) is at considerable depth and will not affect the design.Soft TeamDense silty sandWeathered limestone&SBedrock282TsashJmMLFigure 2: Longitudinal section of bridge overpass.Depth below existing ground surface( m)AMAAMaMyw/mFigure 3: Results of cone penetrometer of underlying soil.Elevation (m)0--5.0--6.5-10.0--12.2-15.0-17.9-20.0M Specificationsfor the structure:A multi-storey concrete is to be designed in a region of Oman which has experienced an increase in flashfloods over the last two years. Additionally, the summer period has induced pro-longed exposure to heatwaves. A proposed concept of the structure is shown in Figure 1, with the following specifications known:Number of bays along the x-direction (Nx).Number of bays along the y-direction (N₁).• Column heights for each floor (H).● All column dimensions are square with width (bc).Based on the underlying soil profile (Figure 2), three types of foundations are to be considered for thestructure: pile-cap foundation, an isolated (spread) footing and a combined footing (other than theabutments). Parameters of the footings to be considered in design are as follows:.●● Isolated footing:oDead and live loads of G₁ and Q transferred from the column, respectively.o Concrete class C25/30.o Reinforcement grade 450.●●Combined footing:o Two square columns with c/c distance of columns dc.oDead and live loads of G, and Q, transferred from each column, respectively.Concrete class C30/37.ooReinforcement grade 500.Pile cap footingo The cap is supported by four piles of equal diameter Dp.o The piles are symmetrically arranged and spaced at c/c distance of dp.oTransfer load from a single column: dead and live loads of Gp and Qp, respectively.Concrete class C25/30.oo Reinforcement grade 500.XFigure 1: Proposed concept of structure.Roof2nd floor1st floorGround floor

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The development of a multi-storey concrete structure has a unique set of challenges and…