Based on the data shown where is the DNA binding domain? Explain which constructs helped you reach this conclusion? Which part of the protein is the Activation domain? Explain which constructs helped you reach your conclusion?
Q: 3. 4. Draw a picture of a ten-fold serial dilution. Please use 10ul ( 9ml of solution. Show a…
A: It is a series of succeeding dilutions that performed to reduced concentration of a microbial…
Q: Which of the following strands of DNA (assuming it was bound to its complementary strand to create a…
A: DNA is a double helical structure that is it is made up of two strands wound around each other. DNA…
Q: 1. Do cell respiration occurred in peas? Explain in term of equation. 2. What is the effect of…
A: All living things need to respire in order to survive, making it one of their vital functions.…
Q: For the following questions, describe the expression levels of the structural genes in the Trp…
A: Tryptophan is an essential amino acid, and the trp operon is a genetic regulatory system that can be…
Q: mifes Time CFU at 48 hours Data Table 3 Plate description Dilution: 10-1 Incubation time: 24…
A: CFU is a measure of total microbial count (bacterial) that can be found in the given testing…
Q: Please answer asap and type your answer and do not copy from anywhere please 1. In order to ‘drive’…
A: It's critical to comprehend the many ways and elements at play while talking about spore staining…
Q: Hepatic cirrhosis:* a. Hypernateremia due to excess water loss b. Hypernatremia due to decreased…
A: Hepatic cirrhosis is a chronic liver disease that causes damage to liver cells and scarring of the…
Q: What molecule allowed our target protein to elute off our affinity column? O a. lysozyme O…
A: In the realm of protein analysis, certain techniques and molecules play crucial roles in providing…
Q: Our earliest primate ancestors, such as eosimian (a prosimian) Group of answer choices were…
A: Our earliest primate ancestors, such as eosimian (a prosimian)lived in trees, avoided dinosaurs and…
Q: How do we know Homo_sapiens when we see one?
A: The only remaining member of the genus Homo is Homo sapiens, usually referred to as modern humans.…
Q: Identify the correct statement about the ribosomes of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. prokaryotic…
A: The smallest unit of a living being, including humans and other creatures, is a cell. The metabolic…
Q: this population, one gene (G) controls spot color in giraffes, which shows incomplete dominance.…
A: According to Hardy Weinberg equation-p2 + q2 + 2pq =1 and p + q=1p= frequency of the dominant allele…
Q: Table 3. Common Single Gene Cha
A: Genoypes can be ascertained by either puting the same two alleles together that is this would be the…
Q: 1. Brown hair (B) is dominant over blonde (b) hair in humans. Brown eyes (F) is also dominant over…
A: Alleles are the alternative forms of a gene that are located on the same locus of a homologous…
Q: The very fact that insects exist raises the question, "why?" So the question is, how can a bug get…
A: The presence of insects raises intriguing questions about their existence and how they manage to…
Q: A GWAS is done comparing squirrels with spots to those without. Answer the following questions about…
A: It is Manhattan GWAS plot.The results of genetic association studies are shown graphically in GWAS…
Q: The lining of the GI tract is called the mucosa. True False
A: The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is a long, hollow tube that extends from the mouth to the anus. It…
Q: Serum osmolality increases by about ____ mOsm/kg for each 60 mg/dL increase in serum ethanol. a. 1…
A: Serum osmolality is a measure of the concentration of particles in the blood, including…
Q: The electrons lost from the reaction center of photosystem II are replaced by electrons from ATP.
A: Photosystem II (PSII) is a key component of the light-dependent reactions in photosynthesis. It is a…
Q: Proteins in tertiary and quaternary structure are held together by ___ between ___.
A: Tertiary structure refers to the three-dimensional arrangement of a single protein chain, where…
Q: Why are biologic systems such as red blood cells and guppies susceptible to osmotic injury? They are…
A: Osmotic injury is the osmotic shock or osmotic stress. This is special type of physiological…
Q: in its cell membrane has been added to a solution that contains 0.5 M glucose and 2.8 M NaCl. The…
A: Activated protein may help in the transport of Polar molecules. This is eventually assisted by…
Q: Select all that apply: What is(are) the major target(s) of alcohols?
A: Alcohol can easily cross the cell membrane due to its small molecular size and hydrophobic nature.…
Q: human visual system
A: It is a complex biological system which allows us to perceive and process visual information from…
Q: After bonding with their ligand chemo kine receptors form complexes with what to signal initiate…
A: Chemokines are small signaling proteins secreted by cells that are specifically bound by chemokine…
Q: Figure 1. Bean (dicot) and corn (monocot) seedling diagram under 10X magnification "Romane" Bean…
A: Theory behind the non-cellular layers that reduce desiccation in corn and beans: In plants,…
Q: When you test cross DdSsNn, you obtain the following numbers of offspring with the following…
A: If the genes are located on the same chromosome then they are classified as linked genes. In that…
Q: The manometric tracings show changes in pressure in the pharynx, esophagus, and lower esophageal…
A: Swallowing of food causes the increase in pressure over the muscles and hence the muscles would br…
Q: If the liver can produce 5 mg of albumen per day, what is its contribution to the concentration in…
A: The body's circulatory system, or blood, is a critical fluid connective tissue that carries vital…
Q: Write a short story about your life as a chemical message/protein that was created by the nucleus.…
A: I, a chemical message in the form of a protein, was once created in the center of a bustling cell. I…
Q: LO85 Identify whether a neuronal network is excited or inhibited based on the individual action of…
A: By considering the special highlights of neurons that make them either energized or calm, and how…
Q: What is meant by “extreme pain, respiratory arrest (breathing stops), severe muscular contractions,…
A: Electric current levels ranging from 50 to 150 milliamperes (mA) represent the magnitude of the…
Q: Explain Tyndall effect, Brownian movement and Electrophoresis.
A: A colloid is a substance that lies between a solution and a suspension. A colloid is a…
Q: 1 ATP V Δ2 1 A 3 Name the type of membrane transport shown in the picture above (number 1-4). For…
A: Intermembrane transport refers to the movement of substances across the membranes that separate…
Q: Describe, with examples the role of the cell membrane and cytoskeleton in mitosis.
A: During the process of mitosis, the cell membrane and cytoskeleton play vital roles in facilitating…
Q: Ex. 33 = Microbial Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) Production from Thiosulfate and Sulfur-Containing Amino…
A: Answer 1) sulfate is used as an electron acceptor in the bacterial metabolism which is used for…
Q: Match the following digestive enzymes with the major products that they form. Salivary…
A: Digestive enzymes are essential for breaking down complex food molecules into simpler and easier to…
Q: This graph shows the change in seawater pH as well as carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere and in…
A: The hydrogen ion concentration or pH is the acidic or basic measurement of any substance. A low pH…
Q: SDS-PAGE w/o B-mercaptoethanol LANE 1 D LANE 2 C SDS-PAGE w/ B-mercaptoethanol LANE 1 LANE 2 B C D
A: Electrophoresis is defined as the migration of charged particles under the influence of an electric…
Q: What are some the products of the third stage of metabolism? 1. AcCoA, NH3 and O2 2. TCA…
A: Cellular respiration is a series of metabolic processes that take place inside cells to transform…
Q: Figure 8.2: Male vs Female fruit flies The flies in the image below are your ACTUAL data for the…
A: The sex of the drosophila can be determined by their size, because, female drosophila are larger in…
Q: Which of the following regions within a mRNA sequence indicates the start of translation? O a.…
A: Translation is a fundamental biological process wherein the genetic information encoded in the…
Q: Which color pigment was most attracted to the stationary phased Solvent After Ten Minutes Yellow O…
A: The arrangement shown in the figure is of thin layer chromatography. Chromatography is a technique…
Q: Which of the options listed below can serve to carry a gene from one organism into a bacteria cell?…
A: The specific genes or pieces of DNA are transported or carried from one organism to another. These…
Q: What is the most common genotype of those, in the above family, who have died from malaria?  A.)…
A: Pedigree chart: In terms of genetics, a pedigree is a diagram showing the way a trait or medical…
Q: In a clinical context, doctors are evaluating a therapy for a new patient (say patient B) that they…
A: In the setting of assessing treatment for a modern patient (patient B) who may develop comparable…
Q: 5 to 3 direction, the DNA template strand should be 5'TTT-GGG-AAA-3'
A: mRNA and DNA are two types of nucleic acids that play crucial roles in gene expression and protein…
Q: A researcher studies two types of fly populations. Population A have stubby bristles which are…
A: A Punnett Square is a graphic utilized in genetics to estimate the results of a certain cross or…
Q: In the reproductive cloning of an animal, what cell type is used as the source of the genome of the…
A: Cloning is the process of creating an organism or a population of organisms that are genetically…
Q: Explain how running a reaction with the enzyme aldolase at a pH of 14 affects its activity Enzyme…
A: The correct answer is:a) It significantly diminishes activity because the enzyme is…
Gene Interactions
When the expression of a single trait is influenced by two or more different non-allelic genes, it is termed as genetic interaction. According to Mendel's law of inheritance, each gene functions in its own way and does not depend on the function of another gene, i.e., a single gene controls each of seven characteristics considered, but the complex contribution of many different genes determine many traits of an organism.
Gene Expression
Gene expression is a process by which the instructions present in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are converted into useful molecules such as proteins, and functional messenger ribonucleic (mRNA) molecules in the case of non-protein-coding genes.
- Based on the data shown where is the DNA binding domain? Explain which constructs helped you reach this conclusion?
- Which part of the protein is the Activation domain? Explain which constructs helped you reach your conclusion?
Step by step
Solved in 4 steps
- You would like to add a nuclear localization sequence (NLS) of Lys-Lys-Lys-Arg-Lys to a protein that is usually found in the cytoplasm of a yeast cell. To accomplish this, you introduce the nucleotide sequence encoding the NLS into the gene that encodes the cytoplasmic protein of interest. a. What is the size of the nucleotide insert that will encode the NLS? Briefly explain. 5' 3' b. Below is a diagram of the gene encoding the cytoplasmic protein of interest in the yeast genome. If your goal is to put the NLS at the carboxyl (C) terminus of the protein, at which location (A-E) should the NLS be inserted? Briefly explain. A TATAA ATATT promoter +1 B ATG TAC D TAA ATT stop codon E 3' 5'The following logo plot represents the preferred cis-regulatory sequences (i.e. transcription factor binding site) of bHLH transcription factor FOSL1. C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 position Would you expect this sequence to be recognized by a monomer, a homodimer, or a heterodimer of the protein? Explain your answer. (short phrases are sufficient; please write your answer into the template below) A- В I A -l expect FOSL1 to bind as a: (monomer, homodimer, heterodimer; please choose) B - short explanation: information content (bit) !!Shown below is a schematic diagram illustrating a very short gene with 5000 bp region of an unknown Schizosaccharomyces pombe genome. (Note: Transcription starts at Transcription Start Site (TSS).) TSS 5. 3' 3 +1 (i) Name the specific regions that can be recognized by Transcription Factor IID (TF ID) and indicate the locations in the diagram above. (ii) List the mechanistic steps that can trigger the initiation of transcription by Transcription Factor IIH (TF IIH).
- An electrophoretic mobility shift assay can be used to study the binding of proteins to a segment of DNA. In the results shown here, an EMSA was used to examine the requirements for the binding of RNA polymerase |l (from eukaryotic cells) to the promoter of a protein-encoding gene. The assembly of general transcription factors and RNA polymerase Il at the core promoter is described in Week 4. In this experiment, the segment of DNA containing a promoter sequence was 1100 bp in length. The fragment was mixed with various combinations of proteins and then subjected to an EMSA. Lane 1: No proteins added Lane 2: TFIID Lane 3: TFIIB Lane 4: RNA polymerase IIl Lane 5: TFIID + TFIIB Lane 6: TFIID + RNA 1 2 3 4 5 6. 7 polymerase II Lane 7: TFIID + TFIIB + RNA polymerase Il 1100 bp Explain the results.(c) By binding one L-tryptophan molecule/monomer, the trp repressor binds to DNA to suppress syn- thesis of L-tryptophan in E. coli. Below is the amino acid sequence of the helix – (reverse) turn – helix region of the trp repressor that binds to DNA compared to the sequence of the corresponding DNA binding motif of the Prl protein, a different type of repressor protein. A diagram of the trp repressor dimer is also shown. reverse turn trp helix 4 70 Trp -Gly-Glu-Met-Ser-Gln-Arg-Glu-Leu-Lys-Asn-Glu-Leu-Gly-Ala-Gly- Ile- Prl -Ser-Glu-Glu-Ala-Lys-Glu-Glu-Leu-Ala-Lys-Lys-Cys-Gly-Ile-Thr- Val- Pri heilix trp helix 5 80 90 Trp Ala-Thr-Ile-Thr-Arg-Gly-Ser sgn-Ser-Leu-Lys-Ala-Ala- Prl Ser-Gln-Val-Ser-Asn-Trp-Phe-Gly-Asn-Lys-Arg-Ile-Arg- Prl helixYou are teaching a class on the regulation of eukaryotic gene expression. In order to demonstrate this complex process, you decide to draw for the class a typical eukaryotic gene/transcription unit with its major regions, such as the promoter regions, where the RNA polymerase II and transcription factors would bind From the list given - choose all components that you think are part of a typical eukaryotic gene From the list given - choose all the regulatory sequences that you think would control the expression of this eukaryotic gene From the list given - choose all of the regulatory proteins that would bind the eukaryotic gene to control its expression
- The IMD2 promoter contains three upstream transcription start sites (TSS) that are utilized under high GTP conditions and a single downstream TSS (-106) that is normally only utilized under low GTP conditions. In a wild type cell, expression of IMD2 mRNA only occurs if transcription initiates from the -106 TSS. In 300 words or less, describe: 1.) The normal function of Ssl2, and 2.) why a mutation in Ssl2, that increases its catalytic rate, would allow expression of the IMD2 ORF under high GTP conditions. (Conditions under which the IMD2 ORF is NOT expressed in the wild type.)a) The best vector to use determine receptor binding protein expression would have been one with a GFP gene (green flourescent protein) attached. State one (1) reason why including this gene would have made the experiment easier and whether you have inserted the receptor binding domain gene before or after the GFP gene. b) You wish to determine the sucess pf your transformation by detecting the presence of receptor binding domian mRNA. Describe the key steps of the hybrdization technique you would use, clearly stating how you would design the probe to detect your receptor mRNA.. Another class of suppressor mutations, not describedin the chapter, are mutations that suppress missensemutations.a. Why would bacterial strains carrying such missense suppressor mutations generally grow moreslowly than strains carrying nonsense suppressormutations?b. What other kinds of mutations can you imagine ingenes encoding components needed for gene expression that would suppress a missense mutationin a protein-coding gene?
- You made four mutants for a promoter sequence in DNA and studied them for transcription. The results of the amount of gene expression or transcription (based on beta-Gal activity shown on Y-axis) for these DNAs (X-axis) are shown. The sequence of the wild-type and mutant DNAs, and consensus sequence from many promoters are shown here for your convenience. From this experiment you can conclude that: Nucleotide substitution can identify important bases of the binding sites or promoter in DNA (e.g., -10 and -35 promoter sequences of lac operon). True or false: Spacer (a) -10 region -35 region TTGACA Consensus sequence TATAAT Wild-type Lac promoter GGCTTTACACTTTATGCTTCCGGCTCGTATGTTGTGTGGAATT Mutant 1 GGCTTTACACTTTATG-TTCCGGCTCGTATGTTGTGTGGAATT Mutant 2 GGCTTTACACTTTATGCTTCCGGCTCGTATAATGTGTGGAATT Mutant 3 GGCTTTACACTTTATG-TTCCGGCTCGTATAATGTGTGGAATT Mutant 4 GGCTTGACACTTTATG-TTCCGGCTCGTATAATGTGTGGAATT (b) 700 600- 500- 400- 300- 200- 100. 0 ● True O False B-Galactosidase activity Wild-type…GR and PPAR are transcription factors that bind to GRE and PPARE sequences respectively and activate transcription of genes. A reporter cell line is created in which the the green fluoresecent protein (GFP) is controlled by a GRE sequence and the pink fluorescent protein mCherry is under control of a PPARE sequence. If the gene for GR is introduced into the reporter cell line, the cells produce a green color. Chimeric proteins are created in which the DNA Binding Domains (DBD) and Activation Domains (AD) of the transcription factors are introduced into various cell lines. Match the following cell-types with the fluorescent color(s) you would expect the cells to produce.Suppose you have a 1-kb segment of cloned DNA that is suspected to contain a eukaryotic promoter including a TATA box, a CAT box, and an upstream GC-rich sequence. The clone also contains a gene whose transcript is readily detectable. Your laboratory supervisor asks you to outline an experiment. (1) determine if eukaryotic transcription factors (TF) bind to the fragment and, if so, (2) identify where on the fragment the transcription factors bind. All necessary reagents, equipment, and experimental know-how are available in the laboratory. Complete the outline of an experiment, which determines if eukaryotic transcription factors (TF) bind to the fragment. Assume all necessary reagents, equipment, and experimental how are available in the laboratory. Drag the terms on the left to the appropriate blanks on the right to complete the sentences. Not all terms will be used. For the band shift assay, two samples of the DNA fragment are analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis: one sample is…