Balance the following equations using the change in oxidation number method.
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- Complete the balanced equation for the overall reaction. Select answer choice in between brackets. Sucrose + [2 Pi, 4Pi]+[4 ADP, 2 ADP, 4 ATP, 2ATP]+[2 NAD+, 4 NAD+, 6 NAD+]+[H2O, 5 H2O, 3 H2O] --> [2 cirate, 2 oxaloacetate, 2 pyruvate, 2 acetyl-coA]+[4 ADP, 2 ADP, 4 ATP, 2ATP] + [2 NAD+, 4 NAD+, 6 NAD+] + [2H+, 8H+, 6 H+, 4 H+, 10 H+] Does the commercial process require aerated culture medium—that is, is this a fermentation or an aerobic process? A. a fermentation process, because A. niger cells must use O2O2 to continuously regenerate NAD+ B. an aerobic process, because A. niger cells must use O2O2 to continuously regenerate NAD+ C. a fermentation process, because A. niger cells cannot use O2O2 to continuously regenerate NAD+ D. an aerobic process, because A. niger cells cannot use O2O2 to continuously regenerate NAD+Potassium permanganate solutions used in oxidation-reduction titrations are sometimes standardized against Fe²⁺ ion. The reaction involved is 8H⁺(aq) + MnO₄⁻(aq) + 5Fe²⁺(aq) → 5Fe³⁺(aq) + Mn²⁺(aq) + 4H₂O(l). A convenient source for Fe²⁺ ion is ammonium iron(II) sulfate, (NH₄)₂Fe(SO₄)₂(H₂O)₆ (FW = 392.14), also known as Mohr's salt, which is readily crystallized, and the crystals resist oxidation by air. A 0.6735 g sample of Mohr's salt is dissolved in 100 mL of acid solution, and the permanganate solution is added slowly from a buret. The endpoint is reached when 17.86 mL of the permanganate solution has been added. Calculate [MnO₄⁻], the molar concentration of the permanganate solution. Note: 0.0461 M and 0.0462 M are incorrectConvert the following reactions into "Metabolic Engineering" notation: C6H1206 + 2 H20 → 2 C2H60 + 2 HCO3 + 2 H* b. ATP + glucose > glucose-6-phosphate + ADP 3.
- Refer to the figure shown here, and determine the value of E for the overall oxidation/reduction reaction (refer to the book/lecture slides if you need help with the overall reaction). 121/202 + 2H+ + 2e → H₂0 NAD + H* + 2e → NADH O-1.136 volts O 0.496 volts O+1.136 volts voltsm -0.496 volts EU (volts) +0.816 - 0.320Figure I shows the Michaelis Menten plot of initial reaction velocity (as percentage of Vmax) versus [S] (concentration) for the carbonic anhydrase reaction in the absence and presence of the inhibitor acetazolamide. Carbonic anhydrase participates in regulation of the pH and bicarbonate content of a number of body fluids. 100 No inhibitor Acetazolamide 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 [S] (mM) Figure 1 (i) Compare Vmax and Km of the enzyme without inhibitor and in the presence of acetazolamide. Determine the type of inhibition shown by acetazolamide. Explain your answer. (ii) Name TWO (2) other types of inhibitions besides the inhibition shown by acetazolamide in Qla)(i). List down the kinetic properties of these inhibitions. Sketch a graph of I/V versus 1/[S] showing plots in the absence of an inhibitor and in the presence of the types of inhibitors mentioned in Qla)(ii). (iii) V (% of Vmaxis lapoamide involved in oxidation reduction..
- Consider the following equilibrium at 298 K. R=8.314 J/K-mol Acetyl-CoA + Oxaloacetate + H20 Citrate + COASH + H* Which one of the following is the correct value for K'eg ifAG" = -32.2 kJ/mol? O 1.11 0.987 1.01 x 10-13 13.0 9.92 x 1012 2480 4.42 x 105 2.27 x 10-6 1.01 -2480 2.56 -13.0 1.08 -0.0130 0.0130 0.926Example: Oxidation of ethanol by NAD+ in the presence catalyzed by alcohol dehydrogenase Calculate the standard free energy change for the reaction below: Ethanol + NAD* 2 acetaldehydye + NADH + H*Using the symbols X-H2 and Y, draw a coupled oxidation-reduction reaction. Designate the molecule that is reduced and the one that is oxidized and state which one is the reducing agent and which is the oxidizing agent.
- Carbonic anhydrase catalyzes the hydration of CO. CO2 + H2O ¬ H½CO3 The Km of this enzyme for CO, is 1.20×104 µ.M. When [CO,] = 3.60×104 µM, the rate of reaction was 4.50 umol·mL! sec-1 a What is Vmax for this enzyme? umol·mL-!sec-!How can Fe2+ be oxidized under anoxic conditions?When grown anaerobically on glucose, yeast (S. cerevisiae) converts pyruvate to acetaldehyde, then reduces acetaldehyde to Pethanol using electrons from NADH. Write the chemical equation for the reaction that reduces acetaldehyde (CH3CHO) to ethanol (CH3CH2OH). The table provides the standard reduction potential, E', of the relevant half-reactions. Half-reaction Acetaldehyde + 2 H+ + 2e¯ → ethanol NAD+ + 2H+ + 2e¯ → NADH + H+ E'° (V) -.197 -.320 Calculate the equilibrium constant, K'eq, at 25.0 °C for the reaction that reduces acetaldehyde to ethanol. K'e ×10 = eq