Bacteria are known to change the kinds of fatty acids they produce as the temperature of their environment changes. What types of changes in fatty acids would you expect as the temperature drops? Why would this be adaptive?
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- You discover a new species of bacteria that grows in aquatic environments with high salt levels. While studying these bacteria, you note that their internal environment is similar to the salt concentrations in their surroundings. You also discover that the internal salt concentrations of the bacteria change as the salt concentration in their environment changes. The new species can tolerate small changes in this way, but dies from large changes because it has no mechanism for altering its own internal salt levels. What type of homeostatic mechanism is this species using to regulate its internal salt levels? regulation integration assimilation conformationIn terms of the areas of the human body, how does this discrepancy in area differ in type and number of the bacteria present?A. Are the areas the same or are they different per individuals? Why?The yeti crab is a crustacean that lives near extremely hot hydrothermal vents, where they wave their hairy forelimbs. Their limbs are covered in bacteria that convert methane (from the vent) to sugars. The crabs can often be seen waving their limbs in the water and clearing the bacteria off of their limbs with their mouthparts. Which statement below is true of this relationship? This is a commensal relationship. The crab benefits by gaining energy from the bacteria, and the bacteria neither gain fitness nor lose fitness. This is a parasitic relationship. The bacteria benefit at the expense of the crab that must waste energy keeping its limbs clean This is a mutualistic relationship. The bacteria have an ideal environment for growth and the crab has a primary source of carbohydrates in a nutrient-limited environment This is a commensal relationship. The bacteria have an ideal environment for growth and the crab has a primary source of carbohydrates in a nutrient-limited environment
- Why did 40% of the human population evolve to tolerate lactose? Lactose tolerance allows people to enjoy a wide variety of food, including milk, butter, ice cream, and cheese. People who have an intolerance experience physical pain, so a tolerance evolved to avoid that. Babies rely on milk to survive, so they need to be able to tolerate lactose. Within cultures that rely on milk-producing animals, individuals who tolerated lactose had a survival advantage.Individuals who develop scurvy suffer from sore and bleeding gums and loss of teeth. Which of the following describes the mechanism by which the vitamin C they are lacking acts to prevent this disease? Question 79 options: a) As a matrix for the deposition of minerals such as calcium and phosphorus b) As a coenzyme involved in collagen biosynthesis c) As an enzyme involved in ligament formation d) As an antioxidant that prevents tissue damage from free radicalsScientist noticed that humans have distinct bacterial communities in their guts; the bacteria in lean humans is different from the bacteria in obese humans. In an experiment investigating the effects of gut bacteria on weight gain/loss in mice, gut bacteria from obese humans were given to one group of mice. A second group of mice were given gut bacteria from lean humans. The mice who received gut bacteria from the obese people gained more weight even though they didn't eat more than the mice who received germs from the lean individuals. What is a hypothesis for the experiment above? Select the best answer. Does the gut bacterial community cause changes in weight? Obese humans have different bacteria than lean humans. The gut bacterial community can cause changes in weight. If gut bacteria affect weight then the mice given lean human's bacteria will lose weight.
- Scientist noticed that humans have distinct bacterial communities in their guts; the bacteria in lean humans is different from the bacteria in obese humans. In an experiment investigating the effects of gut bacteria on weight gain/loss in mice, gut bacteria from obese humans were given to one group of mice. A second group of mice were given gut bacteria from lean humans. The mice who received gut bacteria from the obese people gained more weight even though they didn't eat more than the mice who received germs from the lean individuals. What is the observation for the example above? Select the best answer. Obese humans have different bacteria than lean humans. If gut bacteria affect weight then the mice given lean human's bacteria will lose weight. Does the gut bacterial community cause changes in weight? The gut bacterial community can cause changes in weight.After a man infected with the bacterium Escherichia coli was treated with the correct antibiotic for this pathogen, the bacterium was no longer found in the man's blood, but his symptoms of fever and inflammation worsened. What caused the man's response to the treatment? Why was his condition worsened by the treatment?Many pathogenic bacteria are unable to make some of the metabolic compounds needed for growth and have instead evolved enzymes that enable the bacteria to actually invade human body cells. What do these bacteria expect to accomplish by this practice?
- Imagine you are an astronaut and you are the first person to walk on Mars. You make the surprising discovery that there are "bacteria-like organisms" on Mars. Which of the following do not need to be true for you to consider these "bacteria-like organisms" as living? They must be able to reproduce. They must be able to respond to their environment. They must be able to transform energy. They must be able to move.Raw red alga of the genus Porphyra is part of a traditionalJapanese diet. This alga is rich in porphyran, a polysaccharide that human digestive enzymes cannot break down. Marine bacteria that live on the alga produce a porphyran-digesting enzyme. In Japan, a homologousenzyme is common in one species of intestinal bacteria. Outside of Japan, people have the same species of intestinal bacteria, but they do not have the gene for the porphyran-digesting enzyme. The marine bacteria andthe intestinal bacteria are not close relatives, so they mostlikely did not inherit the enzyme from a shared ancestor.Propose a scenario to explain the observed distributionof the enzyme.Some prokaryotes, especially archaea, are capable of living in extreme environments, such as deep-sea vents, where temperatures can reach 80°C (176°F). Few organisms can survive at this temperature. What adaptations might archaea possess that allow them to survive in such extreme heat?