ATP NAD+ FADH2 Coenzyme A ATP synthase oxidizing agent in metabolism enzyme "motor" located on the inner membrane of mitochondria works with CoQ10 in oxidative phosphorylation shuttles electrons in the e- transport chain provides energy to drive an endergonic reaction forward shuttles two-carbon units (acetyl groups) reducing agent in metabolism turns pyruvate to lactate in anaerobic conditions

If a particular species has a c ring with 12 c subunits, how many protons have to be transported per ATP produced?  (give answer WITHOUT corrections for transport reactions that decrease the proton motive force) Group of answer choices 3 4 12 2.7   What powers the rotation of the c ring of ATP synthase? Group of answer choices high phosphoryl-transfer potential movement of electrons through ATP synthase hydrolysis of ATP proton motive force   Which of the following are true about Complex III of the electron transport chain?  (select all that apply) Group of answer choices It is only found in brown fat It pumps 4 H+ into the matrix It acts as an ATP/ADP translocase It results in electron transfer cytochrome c It has 2 binding sites for Coenzyme Q   Which of the following are true about ATP/NADH/FADH2 production from metabolism of 1 glucose? (answer with net max values) Group of answer choices For 2 acetyl CoA entering the citric acid cycle, 2 FADH2 are…

What essential compound is produced in the pentose phosphate pathway that is needed for synthesis as well as for defense against oxidative damages? NADH AMP ADP FADH2 NADH ATP

The net ATP produced during a β-oxidation process is always less than two ATP because An ATP is converted to ADP during fatty acid activation ATP is consumed during acyl CoA shuttling An ATP is converted to AMP during fatty acid activation A NADH is produced in the cytosol

Aerobic respiration in eukaryotes produces less ATP per glucose molecule than aerobic respiration in prokaryotes. This is because: the electrons from cytoplasmic NADH in eukaryotes are shuttled to ubiquinone instead of NADH dehydrogenase. prokaryotes can produce a larger proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane, thus causing a greater driving force for ATP synthesis. fermentation and the tricarboxylic acid cycle can run simultaneously in prokaryotes, generating two additional ATP per glucose molecule. eukaryotes must actively transport glucose into the mitochondria where respiration А. B. C. D. occurs. prokaryotes can generate 2.5 ATP per FADH2 molecule, whereas eukaryotes can only generate 1.5 per FADH2 Е. E.

Pyruvate + NAD+ + CoA → Acetyl COA NAIDHI + H + CO₂ This is the overall reaction for the pathway of Glycolysis Oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate Fatty acid oxidation Ellectron transport Oxidative phosphorylation TCA or citric acid cycle

A cell is grown on minimal media containing only 3-phosphoglyceric acid as a source of carbon and energy. What is the most likely place this compound would enter the metabolic cycle? O Glycolysis O Conversion of Pyruvate to Acetyl-CoA O The TCA Cycle The Electron Transport Chain

Acetyl CoA 00-COA COA Six -carbon molecule formed from acetyl CoA + oxaloacetate Four-carbon acceptor molecule (regenerated in each cycle) O00000 Citrate One carbon lost as 5 co2 O000 Oxaloacetate NAD+ NADH NADH + CO2 NAD* Secand carbon NAD+ lost as COz NADH + COD Reduced electron carrier similar to NADH Z7 GDP, O FADH2 Energy-carrying n molecule equivalent FAD GTP to ATP

Write the equation for net citric acid cycle and calculate one cycle equivalent to how many ATP?

Organisms growing anaerobically cannot perform glycolysis for long without reducing the pyruvate from glycolysis into another compound, most commonly to lactate or to ethanol plus CO2. Which of the following provides the best explanation for sustaining anaerobic glycolysis? O Lactic acid has to be reduced to regenerate NADH Pyruvate has to be reduced to regenerate NADH Pyruvate has to be reduced to regenerate NAD+ Lactic acid has to be reduced to regenerate NAD+