An astronaut is traveling in a space vehicle that has a speed of 0.455c relative to Earth. The astronaut measures his pulse rate at 75.5 per minute. Signals generated by the astronaut's pulse are radioed to Earth when the vehicle is moving perpendicularly to a line that connects the vehicle with an Earth observer. (a) What pulse rate does the Earth observer measure?  min−1 (b) What would be the pulse rate if the speed of the space vehicle were increased to 0.990c?  min−1

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Proper Length

The theory of special relativity explains the connection between space and time to objects that move in a straight line at a constant speed. The objects move at the speed of light. When an object approaches light speed, its mass is endless and cannot move faster than light. The most crucial postulate of Einstein's special relativity is that the laws of nature do not change in each frame of reference.