Alzheimer's is believed to be caused by a dominant allele, however, it continues to persist in populations, even though it is deleterious. Explain why the allele for Alzheimer's persists using an evolutionary justification.
Q: The most bioavailable form of dietary iron is with the highest amount of heme iron per serving is…
A: Iron plays a very important role in our body, especially in the formation of haemoglobin, which is…
Q: What is Diabetes Insipidus? What ere the possible causes?
A: Diabetes is a normally known as a long-term (chronic) illness that affects how your body converts…
Q: rotein analysis by gel electrophoresis a). Using the gel image provided to calculate the…
A: Electrophoresis is defined as the migration of charged particles under the influence of an electric…
Q: Table 13.4. Comparison of characteristics of different classes of fish. Scales present? Type of…
A: Lampreys belong to a group of fish called agnathans, which lack true scales. They have smooth, slimy…
Q: QUESTION 28 Refer to the life cycles illustrated in the figure below to answer the following…
A: It refers to the series of stages through which an organism passes from its initial birth or…
Q: Porifera Cnidaria Mollusca Annelida Arachnida Insecta Echinodermata Number of Body Regions Number of…
A: Here in the question we can see different phyla have been provided. These phyla represents the…
Q: How does ligand binding, and voltage changes regulate specific types of ion channels? Provide…
A: Ion channels are integral membrane proteins that allow ions to pass through the cell membrane. They…
Q: In the context of utilizing HECs as a feedstock for bioenergy, what are the pros and cons of using…
A: Agricultural practices such as renewable energy integration, crop rotation, crop selection, etc.…
Q: Gene duplication creates genes that are under what kind of selective pressure? How does this lead to…
A: Gene duplication is a critical evolutionary process that contributes significantly to organism…
Q: In a karyotype of a man whose wife has had several miscarriages, it was discovered that he had onlv…
A: The absence of chromosome 15 does not affect the man's ability to survive, therefore he might not…
Q: Read Ch 21.3 and describe in at least 200 words what changes are necessary in human behavior to…
A: Biodiversity conservation is a pressing global concern due to human-induced threats like habitat…
Q: John, noted acarologist (he studies mites) and fancy humming bird breeder hobbyist, is attempting to…
A: In this scenario involving John, a hummingbird breeder, and the Baron, who aims to outdo him,…
Q: No instances of anaerobic respiration exist in the human body. is this statement true or false?
A: Anaerobic respiration is a metabolic mechanism that happens in the absence of oxygen and results in…
Q: Body color in Drosophila is X-linked. Imagine a gene where allele E is dominant and produces gray…
A: This question pertains to the outcome of a cross involving X-linked inheritance of body color in…
Q: When a biofilm:liquid system is in steady state, the rate of substrate consumption in the liquid…
A: This question delves into the concept of substrate consumption and concentration in a biofilm liquid…
Q: Make a rough graph (don’t worry about exact accuracy, only the general trends are important) to…
A: Females' reproductive systems exhibit regular cyclic changes that, teleologically, might be seen as…
Q: In the context of utilizing HECs as a feedstock for bioenergy, what are the pros and cons of using…
A: Low-cost and low-maintenance crops are those raised purely for the generation of renewable bioenergy…
Q: Question 20 In which of the following pairs of organisms does holoblastic cleavage typically occur?…
A: The process by which a single cell zygote is converted into multicellular morula and blastula is…
Q: The conformational change of retinal, from the cis to trans configuration, indirectly: O…
A: The conformational change of retinal, from the cis to trans configuration, is a crucial event in…
Q: How do an athlete's legs receive more blood flow than his arms during a run? (you must explain how,…
A: The cardiovascular system, also referred to as the blood circulatory system, is tasked with the…
Q: The diagram below shows the result of alternative splicing of a given precursor mRNA in two…
A: This process involves the removal of introns while the exons present in the primary transcript get…
Q: 10. Why (& how) might someone who drinks alcohol become severely dehydrated?
A: Dehydration can have detrimental effects on one's health, such as lightheadedness, confusion, and…
Q: How to interpret this Maximum Likelihood tree?
A: Maximum Likelihood (ML) tree is a sort of phylogenetic tree that depicts the evolutionary…
Q: HW2/ You have 12 frequencies. Each cell has three sectors. Based on the 12 frequencies and three…
A: In cellular communication, the idea of frequency reuse factor (N) governs how the available…
Q: What are some of the unique characteristics of duffy blood group systems, their associations with…
A: The Duffy blood group system is one of the many blood group systems that classify human blood based…
Q: In a real habitat, new squirrels often come into the habitat (immigrate) and others leave the area…
A: Immigration is defined as the process of new squirrel to come to the habitat. Emigration is defined…
Q: You are studying a group of individuals with X-ray vision and perform linkage analysis and note that…
A: DNA cloning is the procedure in genetic engineering used for the production of a larger number of…
Q: What type of structure could a bacterium use if it needed to protect its cytoplasm from toxic…
A: Bacteria are single-celled microorganisms that lack a well defined nucleus as well as other…
Q: Part 1= You are to discover the chromosomal location (autosomal or X linked) and mode of inheritance…
A: This set of genetic scenarios involves exploring the inheritance patterns of two specific mutations,…
Q: Section A. Table 1 shows the summary results for a sauerkraut experiment of a researcher. Using the…
A: From the provided data in Table 1, the researcher has conducted an experiment related to sauerkraut…
Q: what is a wine bottle?
A: Wine is typically a fermented grape-based alcoholic beverage. The sugar in the grapes is consumed by…
Q: 5. Is the pedigree consistent with X-linked recessive 6. If no, which individual (of inheritance?…
A: The pedigree indicates a visual tool which is used for documenting the biological relationship in…
Q: 156. KNOW THE 5 SECOND MESSENGERS PRODUCED BY G PROTEIN- REGULATED ENZYMES AND THE PURPOSE OF SECOND…
A: Cell signaling is the process by which cells respond to an external environment as well as their…
Q: Question 7 Which of the following changes is most likely to occur as an immediate result of an…
A: Q 7.) :- ans.Luteinizing hormone (LH) is produced by the anterior pituitary gland in response to the…
Q: Question 33 Which of the following correctly matches a type of glial cell to one of its functions?…
A: Glial cells, also known as neuroglia or simply glia, are non-neuronal cells that make up the…
Q: Why do neurons and some other specialized cells divide infrequently? They have entered into G0.…
A: The series of events that occur in a cell that cause it to mature and then divide is referred to as…
Q: For your experiment, you want to use a plasmid which is 8 kb long (see below). To digest the…
A: Plasmid is the double stranded, circular, extrachromosomal DNA, mainly present in bacteria (also…
Q: What is this? What special ability does it have? Does it have organelles to perform this activity?
A: The phylum of gram-negative bacteria known as cyanobacteria, sometimes known as Cyanobacteriota or…
Q: 1. The leg bones of one animal are twice as strong as those of another closely re- lated animal of…
A: The question is very much related to the scaling properties in biology. It is defined as the change…
Q: explore the structure of fat explain your understanding of the main concepts related to lipid…
A: Fat is also known as lipids, which is an important macromolecule in living organisms that performs a…
Q: Identify which timber harvest schedule would be used for "area sensitive" species? Rotation Harvest…
A: A planned series of timber harvesting and regeneration activities called a rotation harvest pattern…
Q: PCR relies on the use of a pair of primers amplify a portion of DNA Which of the following…
A: The study of the make-up, structure, and interconnections of cellular molecules, that include…
Q: Describe one way to collect information about how a canine body will react to being hit by a car and…
A: Answer.) :- When a dog is in an accident, like being hit by a car, understanding their body's…
Q: YODA, the protein involved in the very first division in the zygote of Arabidopsis and in…
A: The words "elongated" and "shortened" expression are used in the context of genetic interactions and…
Q: In humans, the allele for a widow's peak (W) is dominant to the allele for a straight hairline (w).…
A: Homozygous refers to a genetic condition where an individual possesses two identical alleles for a…
Q: B. When someone needs a blood transfusion, he/she will usually be given his/her own type. Sometimes,…
A: Blood group is classified based on the presence or absence of specific antigens on the surface of…
Q: All the B - adrenergic receptors are linked with Gs G-protein. Physiological processes mediated by…
A: β-adrenergic receptors are associated with Gs G-protein and these receptors bind to ligands like…
Q: Give typing answer with explanation and conclusion Discuss in detail, the challenges of Protein…
A: A typical technique for isolating and removing antibodies from complicated biological mixtures,…
Q: The image below (which comes from a Genetics textbook) has a mistake (that has to do with the way…
A: The diagram in the question represents the cell cycle. It consists of the following phases - G1, S,…
Q: Although SINES are nonautonomous, they do occasionally move from one genomic site to another. How is…
A: SINEs are non-autonomous transposable elements, meaning they rely on other transposable elements for…
Alzheimer's is believed to be caused by a dominant allele, however, it continues to persist in populations, even though it is deleterious. Explain why the allele for Alzheimer's persists using an evolutionary justification.
Step by step
Solved in 3 steps
- Suppose we define the Alzheimer’s disease phenotype as being diagnosed with the disease by age 75 years. In the human population, there are three alleles of the ApoE gene: ε2, ε3, ε4. They form an allelic series such that: 70% of 75 year olds with the ε4/ ε4 genotype have the Alzheimer’s phenotype 60% of 75 year olds with the ε3/ ε4 genotype have the Alzheimer’s phenotype 40% of 75 year olds with the ε3/ ε3 genotype have the Alzheimer’s phenotype 30% of 75 year olds with the ε2/ ε4 genotype have the Alzheimer’s phenotype 10% of 75 year olds with the ε2/ ε3 genotype have the Alzheimer’s phenotype If I have the ε4/ ε4 genotype and my wife has the ε2/ ε3 genotype, what is the probability that our child will have Alzheimer’s by age 75. Explain your reasoning. [Can be answered in less than 75 words]According to the tables, which allele is positively (increases the risk) associated with the development of Alzheimer’s disease? What are the control groups in these studies? 2. The frequency of all three genotypes with Ɛ4 is 0.64 in AD patients and 0.31 in the control group in the United States; 0.47 in AD patients and 0.17 in the control group in Japan. Interpret these data. 3. L.W. has the genotype Ɛ4/Ɛ4. According to the Table 12-10, she has 30-50% genetic risk for Alzheimer’s disease, known as the late onset Alzheimer’s disease (LOAD) which typically develop after 60 years old. Is LOAD a complex disease? Present all your supporting arguments.In one twin study investigating the genetics of addiction, 41% of monozygotic twins both exhibited substance dependence while 24% of dizygotic twins both exhibited substance dependence. Does this twin study suggest that there is or is not a genetic component to addiction? What evidence in model organisms supports a genetic component to addiction?
- Describe the significance of sickle cell anemia to understanding evolution and the role of culture in adaptation, and explain why it’s a great example of a balanced polymorphism.Alzheimer’s is a progressive neurological disorder resulting in dementia and memory loss that occurs in 10% of the US population older than 65. In the 1990s, several researchers showed evidence that the allele of a cholesterol precursor gene, APO E4, increased risk of developing the disorder compared to APO E2 or APO E3. This was especially pronounced if patients carried two alleles of APO E4. However, not all people with APO E4 develop the disorder and some without it will present with Alzheimer's nevertheless. This suggests other genes influence development of the disease. Current research has elucidated dozens of genes that interact with APO E4 pathways in hundreds of ways. As many as 27 of the interactions are epistatic, with some as dominant epistasis and some as recessive epistasis. In addition, some of the gene candidates for non-APO E4 Alzheimer’s have other relationships such as dominant, codominant or incomplete dominant. No reliable cure currently exists for Alzheimer’s…Alzheimer’s is a progressive neurological disorder resulting in dementia and memory loss that occurs in 10% of the US population older than 65. In the 1990s, several researchers showed evidence that the allele of a cholesterol precursor gene, APO E4, increased risk of developing the disorder compared to APO E2 or APO E3. This was especially pronounced if patients carried two alleles of APO E4. However, not all people with APO E4 develop the disorder and some without it will present with Alzheimer's nevertheless. This suggests other genes influence development of the disease. Current research has elucidated dozens of genes that interact with APO E4 pathways in hundreds of ways. As many as 27 of the interactions are epistatic, with some as dominant epistasis and some as recessive epistasis. In addition, some of the gene candidates for non-APO E4 Alzheimer’s have other relationships such as dominant, codominant or incomplete dominant. No reliable cure currently exists for Alzheimer’s…
- What is the relation of genetics to Alzheimer’s disease? a. Identified genes have a strong effect on early-onset Alzheimer’s disease and a weaker effect on lateonset disease. b. Identified genes have a weak effect on early-onset Alzheimer’s disease and a stronger effect on lateonset disease. c. Identified genes have a strong effect on both the early and late onset forms of Alzheimer’s disease. d. Identified genes have little or no effect on Alzheimer’s disease, regardless of time of onset.Monozygotic twins: Question 2 options: a) Share 50% of their genetic material and if one twin has schizophrenia the risk of the other having the illness if 40-50% b) Share 100% of their genetic material and if one twin has schizophrenia, the risk of the other having schizophrenia is 10-15% c) Share 100% of their genetic material and if one twin has schizophrenia, the risk of the other having schizophrenia is 40-50% d) Share 50% of their genetic material and if one twin has schizophrenia the risk of the other having the illness is 10-15%The prevalence (frequency) of sickle-cell disease in Canada is quite low, affecting 1/3800 individuals. However, in some African populations 1/25 individuals are affected by sickle-cell disease. The difference in frequency of this allele within the differing populations has to do with the adaptation pressures that exist in the different environments. Individuals with the heterozygous genotype have a survival advantage in environments where the disease malaria is prevalent as the presence of this mutant allele leads to resistance to malaria. Therefore, the sickle-cell disease tends to be more frequent in environments where the malaria parasite is most common. Question: Explain why the sickle-cell disease remains frequent in some populations while it exists in very low frequency in other populations.
- Briefly explain why Inheritance of acquired characteristics theory is incorrectUsing examples from the literature, explain how genome-wide association studies have helped us understand the origins of neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism, ADHD and/or schizophreniaWhat is Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and how does it work? Imagine I predict that an area called the superior temporal gyrus in the right hemisphere is involved in face processing. How could I use TMS to help test my prediction? What does a heritability rate of 35% mean? How does the epigenome differ from the genome?