ONTARIO 100 100 100 100 100 Ontario Mich Lake Erie NY 90 90 90 90 90 N = 63 N = 64 N = 16 N = 214 N = 188 Penn 80 80 80 80 80 Ohio 70 70 70 70 70 60 60 60 60 60 Pelee Island North Bass Island 50 50 50 50 50 Middle Bass Island 40 40 40 40 40 Rattlesnake Island - T. oMiddle 30 30 30 30 30 Island South Bass Island 20 20 20 20 20 Kelleys Island 10 10 10 10 10 A B C D A B C D АВСD A B C D A B C D Bass complex islands Middle & Pelee Islands Ontario Peninsular mainland Kelleys Island OHIO Percent

Alzheimer's is believed to be caused by a dominant allele, however, it continues to persist in populations, even though it is deleterious.  Explain why the allele for Alzheimer's  persists using an evolutionary justification.

In the fish Species a, the expression of different combinations of four Hox genes results in structural differences in tissues and organs along the anterior-posterior axis. Figure 3 shows the expression pattern of four genes, i.e. Genes 1 – 4, and the tissue produced along the embryonic anterior - posterior plane of fish Species a wild type. The influence of Hox genes on the formation of specific types of tissue can be determined by introducing gain-of-function and loss-of-function mutations in specific Hox genes. Looking at Figure 3, predict what would happen to each one of the four types of tissues, if the expression of gene 3 was expanded anteriorly by a gain-of-function mutation so that the pattern of gene 3 expression would be the same as that of gene 2.

Based on (MS-LS4-4) standard(grade8) - Mathematical Representations of Natural Selection: Based on  the 'Galapagos Islands Finches - Rainfall Effect' data set(picture attached).This data set shows data about finch populations that was collected at the end of a five year period where there were different amounts of rainfall.   How were the finches affected by drought (rainfall less than 25cm/yr) and excess rainfall (rainfall more than 25 cm/yr)?   Describe at least two changes observed. What do you think caused the changes in the finch population and average beak size during the periods of excess rainfall and periods of drought? Include appropriate scientific vocabulary when possible. What changes in 'beak-depth' genes within the finch population can be correlated to environmental changes?

One of the models for behavioral traits in humans involves a form of gene interaction known as epistasis. What is epistasis?

Consider the data that are summarised in the figure i. The data in part (a) are consistent with the hypothesis that alarm calling only in female black-tailed prairie dogs evolved in accordance with kin selection. ii. On the basis of the data in part (a), male black-tailed prairie dogs without kin in their home coteries almost are as likely (i.e., within 10%) to produce alarm calls as are female black-tailed prairie dogs with kin in their home coteries.iii. On the basis of the data in the figure, males and females produce alarm calls more often when the kin that they live with are offspring than when the kin that they live with are parents and siblings.iv. On the basis of the data in part (b), alarm calls in black-tailed prairie dogs constitute merely parental care (i.e., rather than altruism).v. On the basis of the data in part (b), mean alarm calling percentage is greater for male black-tailed prairie dogs than for female black-tailed prairie dogs.   Question 2 options:…

What are the similarities and differences between tortoiseshell coat color in cats and variegated green/white leaf color in house plants?

Among the Great Apes, yet unlike our chimpanzee and bonobo 'cousins', as humans we combine a unique evolutionary blend of different physical and behavioral traits commonly identified with either 'pair-bonding' or 'tournament' species. Which of the following options below inaccurately matches our shared characteristics with each type? Select one: a. moderate to high degree of sexual dimorphisms - tournament b. moderate to highly monogamy in coupled relationships - tournament c. male mate pickiness - pair bonding d. high parental investment - pair bonding e. females selecting mates for parenting skill - pair bonding f. moderate to high variability in male reproductive success & aggression - tournament

Cockroaches from the dormitories at Texas A&M University usually weigh about 1 gram. However, about 100 miles west of the university is a colony of much larger cockroaches in which some individuals obtain a weight of as much as 25 grams. These cockroaches of unusual size (COUS) have apparently evolved to consume the large supply of garbage that exists in the region. If a 25-gram cockroach is crossed with a 1-gram cockroach, their progeny grow uniformly to a size of about 13 grams. If two of these 13-gram (F1) cockroaches are crossed, cockroach sizes from 1 gram to 25 grams are produced. However, the 1-gram and the 25-gram cockroaches are rare, occurring at a frequency in each case of about 1 in 64.   If a 13-gram F1 cockroach is crossed with a 1-gram cockroach, how frequently are 9-gram cockroaches expected? Cockroaches from the dormitories at Texas A&M University usually weigh about 1 gram. However, about 100 miles west of the university is a colony of much larger…

What are some of the traits present in the newt population described in the article?How might these traits change from individual to individual? (Hint: Do you think the newts are all exactly the same color or size?)