Adherence to the intestinal lining by a bacterium may be due to its possession of _____. A) endospores B) pili C) a flagellum D) F+ plasmid

Q: The West Nile virus has what mode of transmission? a) Propagative b) Cyclo-propagative c)…

A: Answer- propagative

Q: Which of the types of sputum would you most likely suspect to see in a ptient with lung cancer? A)…

A: Lung cancer is characterized by the development of cancerous lesion in lung tissue. There are…

Q: Which of the following is characteristic of the lytic cycle? a) The virus-host relationship usually…

A: Introduction: A bacteriophage is a virus that infects bacteria and archaea and replicates within…

Q: The following statements about Streptobacillus moniliformis are all true excepta) it can be…

A: Answer: Introduction: Streptobacillus moniliformis means a non-motile, Gram-negative rod-shaped…

Q: A vaccine that employs a toxoid is based upon a ______. A) antibody B) attenuated virus C) histamine…

A: A vaccination is a pharmacological substance that enhances a person's resistance to specific…

Q: Bacteriophage entry into a host cell involves: a) Endocytosis b) Membrane fusion c) Direct injection…

A: A bacteriophage, commonly referred to as a phage, is a type of virus that specifically infects…

Q: Gram psotive bacteria contains a tick peptidoglycan layer and an outer membrane.  a) True b) False

A: Gram positive bacteria give a positive result in Gram staining test. This test is used to classify…

Q: There are fewer antifungal, anti protozoal, and antihelminth drugs compared to antibacterial drugs…

A: The antifungal drug is a drug that is used to kill the fungus. The antiprotozoal drug is a drug that…

Q: Receptor molecules can determine the or tendency of a virus to infect a particular tissue type…

A: Tropism is measured by the presence of virus receptors on the surface of a host cell for several…

Q: Which disease has an environmental reservoir (i.e., soil, water)? A) O pneumonia B) O rabies C) O…

A: Natural reservoirs are a specific population or environment of the organism that act as reservoirs…

Q: Clostridium spp palys vital role in meat spoilage. a) Describe possible conditions of spoilage cause…

A: Meat spoilage It causes the development of off- odor called as putrefaction. The vacuum and gas…

Q: Why must the top agar be supplemented with maltose? A) Maltose allows for binding of the phage to…

A: Plate cultures of bacteriophage are prepared by combining phage with susceptible host cells in top…

Q: What is the length of the infectious period given β =  0.002 S = 500 y = 0.2, R0= 5, and threshold…

A: R0 can be defined as the basic reproductive number of a contagious disease. It is represented by the…

Q: Which of these statements about tetanus is true?a) It can start from a bee sting.b) Immunization is…

A: Answer: Introduction: Tetanus means a contamination or infection occurred by Clostridium tetani…

Q: Which immunization is recommended to protect against the bacterium Haemophilus influenzae type b…

A: Vaccines are used to immunise people against infectious diseases. Vaccines boost the immune system…

Q: The most effective method to prevent the spread of respiratory infections in children is frequent…

A: Various practices and measures are implemented to reduce the spread of pathogens, such as viruses…

Q: Which statement about Yersinia pestis is false?a) Conditions inside human phagocytes activate…

A: Yersinia pestis is a non-motile, rod-shaped, Gram-negative bacterium that do not consists of spores.…

Q: Which of the following is NOT a method of culturing/growing viruses? A) in embryonated eggs B) in…

A: Viruses are very small and microscopic. They have a very unique feature. They act as living organism…

Q: The peptidoglycan layers are anchored to the cell membrane by: a) tetrapeptide chain b) dipeptide…

A: Peptidoglycan is a complex polymer that is a major component of the cell wall in bacteria. It is…

Q: Respiratory syncytial virusa) is a leading cause of serious lower respiratory tract infections in…

A: Viruses are extremely small organisms that either has RNA or DNA as their genetic code and are…

Q: Match the organism in column A to symptom/ appropriately. Use cach description only once. |COLUMN B…

A: Health is a state of complete mental, bodily, and social well-being, not only the absence of disease…

Q: Which of the following is not applicable to Listeria monocytogenes, or to the disease it causes,…

A: Answer:  Listeria monocytogenes are the gram positive bacteria which are mainly responsible for the…

Q: What organ can be affected by Hepatitis B, giving rise to the virus's name? A) Kidney B) Cervix C)…

A: Hepatitis B infection is caused by HBV. HBV stands for hepatitis B virus. The virus can be…

Q: A patient that experiences hydrophobia, has the appearance of Negri bodies in nerve cells, and later…

A: Microbes are generally visible under the microscope. These include several organisms like bacteria,…

Q: Which structure is “slimy” in texture and may protect a prokaryotic cell from destruction by our…

A: Bacteria and archaea are prokaryotic cells having different internal and external features from…

Q: Pronation of the forearm is achieved by two muscles, the pronator _____ just distal to the elbow and…

A: An essential feature for everyday functioning such as grip and movement of the upper limb is the…

Q: Salmonella typhi has the ability to persist within the gall-bladder of humans while causing no…

A: Salmonella typhi is a bacteria that causes typhoid fever in humans. There are many strains of…

Q: Which of the following about Staphylococcus aureus is false?a) It is generally coagulase-positive.b)…

A: Staphylococcus aureus are the gram positive, catalase-positive bacteria that are commonly found in…

Q: 34) Which of the following fungal diseases involves an intracellular parasite that partially…

A: Fungi exhibit a dimorphic switch between yeasts and molds. some of the examples of these fungi are…

Q: Which one(s) is/are more harmful to the host and why? A) Antifungal agents B) antiprotozoal agents…

A: Ani fungal drugs are the most harmful to human body even more than the anti protozoal agents and the…

Q: Which of these statements about Streptococcus pyogenes is false?a) It is a Gram-positive coccus…

A: Streptococcus pyogenes are gram-positive Group A streptococcus that are known to cause a variety of…

Q: Which of the following diseases is least likely to be transmitted by water? a) Hepatitis A b)…

A: Pathogenic microorganisms transmitted through contaminated water produce water-borne illnesses.

Q: Match the organism in column A to the symptom/manifestation in column B that fits it most…

A: The exact correct match between the organsim in column A to the symptoms in column B is given below:…

Q: Which of these statements concerning cryptococcal meningoencephalitis is true?a) It is caused by a…

A: Meningitis is the infection of the membranes lining the spinal cord and skull. Cryptococcal…

Q: Which of the following are hosts of West Nile virus which are also responsible for infecting…

A: The illness caused by micro-organisms like bacteria, parasites, fungi and acellular organisms like…

Q: Lysozyme and the antibiotic penicillin have similar mechanisms of action in that they both cause…

A: To find: What do Lysozyme and the antibiotic penicillin cause damage to?

Q: The induced clones are developed by ________ into the host cell.a) Nuclear transfer b) Gene transfer…

A: Introduction: Cloning is a process by which genetically identical cells can be produced either…

Q: If you and your family all develop infectious diarrhea, the most likely portal of entry for the…

A: Pathogens are the organisms that are capable of disrupting the normal physiological balance of an…

Q: gained notoriety when they were implicated in brain infections, such as what is popularly known as…

A: Mad cow disease is a disease that leads to neurodegeneration in cattle and produces symptoms like…

Q: The flu virus in flu vaccines is a dead virus. The term to describe the virus in this situation is…

A: Correct answer is B

Q: A likely factor involved in the recent emergence ofnosocomial Clostridium difficile infections…

A: Clostridium difficile infections occur by the bacteria and the bacteria cause infection through its…

Q: Maargerines made from plant oils are healthier, since they are hydrogenated for spreadability?…

A: Fatty acids are carboxylic acids with a hydrocarbon chain ranging from 4 carbon to 36 carbons. The…

Q: All the following would be of benefit to extracellular pathogens, except A) O the presence of a…

A: A pathogen is a microorganism that may cause diseases, such as a bacterium, virus, or other…

Industrial Processes

Industrial processes result in the manufacturing of products (biological products, such as enzymes, medicine) on a large scale using different methods, such as physical and chemical procedures. Few products such as pharmaceuticals, agricultural products, food items, etc., involve microbes and their enzymes. Such processes are termed industrial biological processes. Microbiology and biotechnology enable us to utilize the ability of microorganisms to produce enzymes, primary metabolites, and secondary metabolites, which in turn help to produce the desired products.