Adherence to the intestinal lining by a bacterium may be due to its possession of _____. A) endospores B) pili C) a flagellum D) F+ plasmid

Q: Function of Leghaemoglobin in nitrogen fixation _____. A) Absorption of oxygen B) Nutrion of…

A: Especially, the leghemoglobin is a type of oxygen-carrying type of phytoglobin found nitrogen-fixing…

Q: Describe the two types of fungal hypha.

A: According to guidelines we have to answer the first question only. so please kindly post the…

Q: A vaccine that employs a toxoid is based upon a ______. A) antibody B) attenuated virus C) histamine…

A: A vaccination is a pharmacological substance that enhances a person's resistance to specific…

Q: Gram psotive bacteria contains a tick peptidoglycan layer and an outer membrane.  a) True b) False

A: Gram positive bacteria give a positive result in Gram staining test. This test is used to classify…

Q: Which disease has an environmental reservoir (i.e., soil, water)? A) O pneumonia B) O rabies C) O…

A: Natural reservoirs are a specific population or environment of the organism that act as reservoirs…

Q: Clostridium spp palys vital role in meat spoilage. a) Describe possible conditions of spoilage cause…

A: Meat spoilage It causes the development of off- odor called as putrefaction. The vacuum and gas…

Q: Consider that you are working as a laboratory technician in a local hospital and three patients at…

A: In case of a)symptoms of toxic shock syndrome resulting from food poisoning 1.The microorganism is…

Q: What is the length of the infectious period given β =  0.002 S = 500 y = 0.2, R0= 5, and threshold…

A: R0 can be defined as the basic reproductive number of a contagious disease. It is represented by the…

Q: Which immunization is recommended to protect against the bacterium Haemophilus influenzae type b…

A: Vaccines are used to immunise people against infectious diseases. Vaccines boost the immune system…

Q: Which of the following is NOT a method of culturing/growing viruses? A) in embryonated eggs B) in…

A: Viruses are very small and microscopic. They have a very unique feature. They act as living organism…

Q: Which of these statements concerning the causative agent of listeriosis is false?a) It can cause…

A: Listeria monocytogenes (Listeriosis) is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacterium that causes food-borne…

Q: Why does Helicobacter pylori cause ulceractions in the lining of the Stomach? 1)The microbes secrete…

A: Helicobacter pylori is a type of bacteria that can infect the stomach and cause illness.

Q: Lysozyme does which of the following?a) Disrupts cell membranesb) Hydrolyzes peptidoglycanc)…

A: Lysozyme, otherwise called muramidase or N-acetylmuramide glycanhydrolase, is an antimicrobial…

Q: Respiratory syncytial virusa) is a leading cause of serious lower respiratory tract infections in…

A: Viruses are extremely small organisms that either has RNA or DNA as their genetic code and are…

Q: Match the organism in column A to symptom/ appropriately. Use cach description only once. |COLUMN B…

A: Health is a state of complete mental, bodily, and social well-being, not only the absence of disease…

Q: Which of the following is not applicable to Listeria monocytogenes, or to the disease it causes,…

A: Answer:  Listeria monocytogenes are the gram positive bacteria which are mainly responsible for the…

Q: A patient that experiences hydrophobia, has the appearance of Negri bodies in nerve cells, and later…

A: Microbes are generally visible under the microscope. These include several organisms like bacteria,…

Q: All of the following are true of diphtheria excepta) a membrane that forms in the throat can cause…

A: the causative organism typically invades the bloodstream

Q: All of the following are true of Legionnaires’ disease excepta) the causative organism can grow…

A: Protozoa include single-celled eukaryotes and can be free-living or parasitic. These feed on organic…

Q: Salmonella typhi has the ability to persist within the gall-bladder of humans while causing no…

A: Salmonella typhi is a bacteria that causes typhoid fever in humans. There are many strains of…

Q: Which of the following about Staphylococcus aureus is false?a) It is generally coagulase-positive.b)…

A: Staphylococcus aureus are the gram positive, catalase-positive bacteria that are commonly found in…

Q: Which of these statements concerning foodborne botulism is false?a) It is not a central nervous…

A: Botox (Clostridium botulinum toxin) is a neurotoxin isolated from the clostridium botulinum bacteria…

Q: Which one(s) is/are more harmful to the host and why? A) Antifungal agents B) antiprotozoal agents…

A: Ani fungal drugs are the most harmful to human body even more than the anti protozoal agents and the…

Q: Staphylococcus aureus can be responsible for all of the following conditions excepta) impetigo.…

A: Answer is d.) scaled skin syndrome.

Q: many mushrooms produce toxins that can cause … a) death b) hallucinations c) severe illness d) all…

A: Many mushrooms produce toxins, Which can cause all the above options as they are, Death…

Q: Which of these statements concerning cryptococcal meningoencephalitis is true?a) It is caused by a…

A: Meningitis is the infection of the membranes lining the spinal cord and skull. Cryptococcal…

Q: Which of the following are hosts of West Nile virus which are also responsible for infecting…

A: The illness caused by micro-organisms like bacteria, parasites, fungi and acellular organisms like…

Q: The human or animal host infected by the adult stage of a parasite worm is an:   a) Intermediate…

A: Introduction  A parasite is a living thing that inhabits its host and feeds off of or at the expense…

Q: The induced clones are developed by ________ into the host cell.a) Nuclear transfer b) Gene transfer…

A: Introduction: Cloning is a process by which genetically identical cells can be produced either…

Q: Which of the following statements about Pasteurella multocida is false?a) Infections generally…

A: Bacteria are the most important microorganisms to the food processor. Some bacteria are beneficial…

Q: Chlamydia trachomatis is a sexually transmitted infection. The organism can be classified in…

A: Microbes may enter the body in a variety of ways and cause infection everywhere, but antigen and…

Q: If you and your family all develop infectious diarrhea, the most likely portal of entry for the…

A: Pathogens are the organisms that are capable of disrupting the normal physiological balance of an…

Q: gained notoriety when they were implicated in brain infections, such as what is popularly known as…

A: Mad cow disease is a disease that leads to neurodegeneration in cattle and produces symptoms like…

Q: Steroid drugs like prednisolone is produced from______.a) Rhizopus b) Penicillium c) Aagaricus d)…

A: A glucocorticoid medication that serves the function of suppressing the immune system along with…

Q: The flu virus in flu vaccines is a dead virus. The term to describe the virus in this situation is…

A: Correct answer is B

Q: A likely factor involved in the recent emergence ofnosocomial Clostridium difficile infections…

A: Clostridium difficile infections occur by the bacteria and the bacteria cause infection through its…

Q: 7) Cyanobacteria and green algae are possible photosymbionts in which symbiosis? a)Legume - Root…

A: Microorganisms perform essential functions in many ecosystems and interact with other organisms in a…

Q: Giardia lamblia enters a human or other host in what form? O a) trophozoite Ob) spore O c) endospore…

A: Protozoans are group of organisms that possess single cell and are eukaryotic . They are classified…

Q: Write a paragraph describing the microscopic morphology of: a) Clostridium perfringes b)…

A: Morphology is the study of the external structural attributes of an organism. The genus Clostridium…

Q: Write a paragraph describing the colonies of: A) Clostridium perfringes B) Clostridium tetani C)…

A: The bacteria belonging to the genus Clostridium are Gram-positive anaerobic rods. these need to be…

Q: Which of the following is not applicable to Legionella pneumophila, or to the disease it causes,…

A: Bacteria are a type of cell, micro-organisms, a few micrometer in length and are found in various…

Q: This pathogen is usuall foodborne and causes a mostly asymptomic disease. The most common foods…

A: There are many pathogens which causes infections in the human body. Food borne infections are…

Q: Cholera is most commonly transmitted through which route?          A)Wound contamination…

A: Infection is caused by the entry, growth, and multiplication of a causative agent. The causative…

Q: 1) Which of the following apply(ies) to Bacillus cereus and Bacillus anthracis? Choose all that…

A: Bacillus is a genus of Gram-positive, bacilli, or rod-shaped bacteria. B. anthracis is the causative…

Q: Once these pathogens enter the host the difference in environmental conditions signals for them to…

A: Disease causing organisms are known as pathogens. Different types of pathogens have different modes…

Q: Fungal infections generally have fewer treatment options because.. a) they are Gram negative cells…

A: The cells are classified into prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells depending on their nature and…

Q: Rickettsia is a gram-negative obligate intracellular parasite transmitted by arthropods.  a) True…

A: Bacteria are single-celled organisms. They do not possess organelles and  a true nucleus.

Industrial Processes

Industrial processes result in the manufacturing of products (biological products, such as enzymes, medicine) on a large scale using different methods, such as physical and chemical procedures. Few products such as pharmaceuticals, agricultural products, food items, etc., involve microbes and their enzymes. Such processes are termed industrial biological processes. Microbiology and biotechnology enable us to utilize the ability of microorganisms to produce enzymes, primary metabolites, and secondary metabolites, which in turn help to produce the desired products.