Which of the following is NOT a method of culturing/growing viruses? A) in embryonated eggs B) in cell culture C) on a bacterial lawn D) in enitre animals or plants E) in media ONLY

The induced clones are developed by ________ into the host cell.a) Nuclear transfer b) Gene transfer c) Cell transfer d) Antigen transfer

When a food handler doesn't wash their hands after using the bathroom and introduces noravirus (cause of vomiting and diarrhea) into the food, what is the best term for the food in the chain of infection when the customers get sick?   Question 6 options:   a)  reservoir   b)  vector   c)  carrier   d)  vehicle

new flu strains can arise by a) meiosis b) viral reassortment c) mitosis d) binary fission

The disease histoplasmosisa) is caused by an encapsulated bacterium.b) is contracted by inhaling arthrospores.c) occurs mostly in hot, dry, and dusty areas of the American Southwest.d) is a threat to AIDS patients living in areas bordering the Mississippi River.e) is commonly fatal for pigeons and bats.

10) One of the field of studies listed includes the rest: a) Viral Nucleic acids type b) Viral classification c) Capsid symmetry d) Presence of an envelope e) Absence of an envelope. 11) The cells that line our respiratory tract, and one celled paramecium both have cell membrane modifications called: a) flagella b) microfilaments c) centrioles d) cilia e) pili. 12) A proteasome degrades proteins that are “tagged” with: a) Phosphates b) Ubiquitin c) Methionine d) CoQ enzyme e) Poly A tail

7) Cyanobacteria and green algae are possible photosymbionts in which symbiosis? a)Legume - Root Nodule b)Termite - gut microbes c)Lichen d)Bobtail squid - A. fischeri 33) Fecal transplants have been used to successfully treat which of the following infections? a)COVID-19 b)Clostridium difficil c)Aliivibrio fischeri d)Agrobacterium tumefasciens 3) Which of the following promotes tumor formation in Crown Gall? a)Nod factors b)Ti plasmid c)Light organ d)Leghemoglobin

An infectious disease process starts when a pathogen is transmitted from a "source" to a susceptible host. Which among A-Dis not applicable to the "source"? A) Oit can be another human B) O it is typically called the reservoir C) O it could be an animal D) O it could be water or soil E) OA-D are all applicable to the "source"

The mechanism of specialized transduction relies on the improper excision of a bacteriophage genome that is integrated in the host cell chromosom A) O True B) O False

13) What is the purpose of a bacterium's cell wall? A) It provides direct protection from antibiotics. B) It prevents sunlight from destroying the cell's DNA. C) It prevents water from diffusing into the cell. D) Bacteria do not have a cell wall.