a. How much free energy is wasted, under standard conditions? b. How many more ATP molecules could be created by a perfectly efficient electron transport chain from one NADPH?

Q: net free energy of coupled glucose breakdown and ATP synthesis be more or less favorable than the…

A: All reactions inside the living organisms are governed by the laws of thermodynamics…

Q: Briefly, explain why the transfer of electrons from NADH to the ETC results in the production of…

A: NADH and FADH2 produced during various metabolic pathway pass through ETC and reduce oxygen to…

Q: Given what you know about the involvement of nicotinamide nucleotides inoxidative and reductive…

A: NADP+ and NADPH are similar to NAD+ and NADH, respectively,except that the NADP+ and NADPH has an…

Q: The remarkable properties that allow ATP synthase to run in either direction allow the…

A: The ATP synthetase is defined as a mitochondrial enzyme, present in the inner mitochondrial enzyme…

Q: (a) NAD+ kinase catalyzes the ATP-dependent conversion of NAD* to NADP+. How many reducing…

A: The Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD) acts as a coenzyme while, Nicotinamide Adenine…

Q: The "actual" free-energy change, AG, for the oxidation of NADH under aerobic conditions is -50.9…

A: The final equation for actual free energy change (∆G') of NADH oxidation is given below. The ( ' )…

Q: Briefly, explain why the transfer of electrons from NADH to the ETC results in the production of…

A: Electron transport chain (ETC) is a series of protein structures and other molecules that transmit…

Q: Consider a 24:1 △­­cis-9 fatty acid in the mitochondrion. For each fatty acid given, determine the…

A: Fatty acids are (-COOH)carboxylic acids with hydrocarbon chains from 4 to 36 carbon long. These can…

Q: In living cells, one mole of glucose undergoes a complete oxidation. (a). How many moles of ATP…

A: To get the remaining sub-parts solved, please repost the complete question and mention the…

Q: Considering that 22.4 kJ/mole is required to transport 1 H+ across the mitochondrial membrane, how…

A:

Q: Consider the typical beta oxidation of linoleic acid (C18:2 ^Δ9, 12): How many ATP are generated in…

A: Most fatty acids are degraded by the sequential removal of two-carbon fragments from the carboxyl…

Q: Moles produced (Net) moles of CO2 after Krebs cycle moles of GTP after Krebs cycle moles of ATP…

A: Answer:- 4 moles of glucose   produce  16 moles of CO2 after Krebs cycle  5 moles of glucose produce…

Q: The formation of ATP by ATP Synthase is part of a coupled reaction, as discussed in class. Given the…

A: Oxidative phosphorylation is the process by which ATP synthesis is coupled to the movement of…

Q: Assuming that the pH of the IMS is 1.4 units lower than the pH of the matrix, the free energy yield…

A: ETC (electron transport chain) consist of series of complex proteins through which electrons are…

Q: Given 60 glucose molecules available in a muscle fiber to undergo aerobic respiration, how many H+…

A: ETC is coupled with ATP synthesis. ETC occurs in Cristea (inner mitochondrial membrane). ETC…

Q: All of the following are generated directly during the Krebs (TCA) cycle except? a. ATP b. GTP c.…

A:

Q: Consider the reaction: Malate + NAD +→ Oxaloacetate + NADH (AG° = +29.7 kJ/mol) A cell at 25°C has…

A: All cells require energy in the form of ATP to carry out a variety of functions, such as active…

Q: Given the roles of NAD+ /NADH in dehydrogenation reactions and NADPH/NADP+ in reductions, would you…

A: A redox reaction is chemical reaction which involves transfer of electrons between the two reactants…

Q: A cell in an active catabolic steady state state needs to maintain A. a high cytosolic (ATP/ADP)…

A: A fundamental unit of the biological world is the cell. It is the hub of biochemical and metabolic…

Q: Assuming that 7,300 calories are required for the synthesis of each mole of ATP, calculate the…

A: Energy conservation refers to any attempt made to limit the consumption of energy by utilising fewer…

Q: Which of the following drives the electron transfer from coenzyme Q to cytochrome c, which also…

A: 1. Electron transport chain occurs in the membrane of the mitochondria. There are many complexes…

Q: Which of the following best describes the specific gradients driving ATP synthesis in figures A and…

A: Various processes are utilized in carrying out various biochemical processes.

Q: For the theoretical maximum yield of ATP per glucose molecule oxidized by aerobic respiration, we…

A: The maximum yield of ATP per glucose molecule oxidation by aerobic respiration are Net gain of ETC:…

Q: Given the roles of NAD*/NADH in dehydrogenation reactions and NADPH/NADP+ in reductions, as…

A: The [NAD+]/[NADH] system mainly functions in oxidation of the substrates. Therefore, the…

Q: For the complete oxidation of 16 glucose molecules as a result of cellular respiration in plants,…

A: Respiration is defined as the breaking down of glucose into carbon dioxide, water and energy.

Q: ATP Synthase is known to catalyze the synthesis of ATP with a ΔG°’ close to zero, and a Keq' close…

A:

Q: If 10 molecules of NADH are oxidized during oxidative phosphorylation, how many molecules of ATP are…

A:

Q: For the theoretical maximum yield of ATP per glucose molecule oxidized by aerobic respiration, we…

A:

Q: What is the P:O ratio for electrons entering the electron-transport chain that originate from…

A: The P:O ratio is the ratio of the amount of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) produced to the consumption…

Q: Discuss why the electron transport chain ceases to operate when actively respiring mitochondria are…

A: Cellular respiration, the process by which cells combine oxygen with food molecules, directing the…

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A: A maltose is the disaccharide which on oxidation gives two molecule of glucose. The glucose molecule…

Q: When the antibiotic X is added to actively respiring mitochondria, several things happen: the yield…

A: Ion transfer across the membrane is mediated by an ionophore. Ions are shielded from the lipophilic…

Q: Discuss why the electron transport chain ceases to operate when actively respiring mitochondria are…

A: Hi! Thank you for the questions. As you have posted multiple questions, I will be answering the…

Q: For the theoretical maximum yield of ATP per glucose molecule oxidized by aerobic respiration, we…

A: Electron transport chain is a cluster or series of a protein complexes which are embedded in the…

Q: b) NADH dehydrogenase Q → Cytochrome aa3 → Sequence of complexes in electron transport chain is- a)…

A: Electron transport chain is required for production of ATP from NADH and FADH2, intermediates of…

Q: Consider a 24:1 △­­cis-9 fatty acid in the mitochondrion. For each fatty acid given, determine the…

A: Fatty acid oxidation is the process in which long-chain fatty acids are converted into acetyl-CoA.…

Q: (a) NAD+ kinase catalyzes the ATP-dependent conversion of NAD+ to NADP+. How many reducing…

A: NAD+ kinase is an enzyme that converts nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide into NADP+ through…

Q: ency exchange ratio? Why does the oxidation of mitochondrial FADH2 generate one less ATP than…

A: ATP: Adenosine triphosphate is the energy-carrying molecule in all living organisms. It provides…

Q: Dinitrophenol (DNP) is a lipid soluble H+ binding drug that equalizes the H+ concentration across…

A: dinitrophenol is essentially an organic molecule with the formula HOC6H3(NO2)2. It's a pleasant,…

Q: From the complete oxidation of glucose (glucose  →  6CO2), how many total NADH electron carriers are…

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Q: Consider 3 molecules of galactose: (write only the whole number; no decimal places) a. How many…

A: Galactose is an aldohexose sugar. The galactose unit is found in the milk sugar known as lactose.…

Q: At which site in the mitochondrion and chloroplast do the ATPmolecules collect after being made by…

A: The respiratory chain is the final “processing mill” for electrons and protons. Overall, the…

Q: Describe, in simple diagrams and a few words, the chemiosmotic theory for coupling oxidation to…

A: The chemiosmotic theory was first proposed in 1961 that talks about the synthesis of ATP in a…

Q: The enzyme malate dehydrogenase catalyzes the conversion of malate to oxaloacetate in the final step…

A: The malate dehydrogenase enzyme catalyzes the conversion of malate to oxaloacetate in the TCA cycle.…

Q: How many total moles of ATP are created in a cell with an ATP synthase with 8 c subunits for every…

A: Glucose is broken down into 2 molecules of pyruvate through glycolysis in the cytoplasm. Pyruvate is…

Q: Calculate the ATP yield when glucose is catabolized completely to six CO2 by a eukaryotic microbe.…

A: Cellular respiration can be defined as that process by which an organism produces energy by making…

Q: Consider the following phosphoryl group transfer reaction which is the first step in glucose…

A: The cell's initial mechanism for breaking down glucose for energy is called "glycolysis." There are…

Q: During cellular respiration, for each single glucose molecule 10 NADH molecules and 2 FADH2…

A: During glycolysis and citric acid cycle, much of the free energy is retained in the form of reduced…