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- Melvin Calvin and Andrew Benson determined the steps in the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis by exposing the green alga Chlorella to CO2 labeled with the radioisotope carbon 14. By looking at which compounds the C14 ended up in, they were able to identify all intermediates in this cyclic pathway. Why did they predict correctly that the same set of intermediates would be formed in the light reaction in land plants?Leghemoglobin is a globin protein found in the roots of Legume plants inoculated with Nitrogen fixing bacteria. Leghemoglobin has a binding affinity for oxygen 20 times greater than myoglobin. What function might Leghemoglobin have in the roots of the plant for Nitrogen fixing bacteria? (Hint: The enzyme that catalyzes Nitrogen fixation can also bind O2 , which is not ideal for the enzyme)The substance dichlorophenyldimethylurea (DCMU) is an herbicide thatinhibits photosynthesis by blocking electron transfer between plastoquinonesin photosystem II.(a) Would you expect DCMU to interfere with cyclic photophosphorylation?(b) Normally, DCMU blocks O2 evolution, but addition of ferricyanide tochloroplasts allows O2 evolution in the presence of DCMU. Explain.
- Solar-induced fluorescence can be used to infer net photosynthesis. This is because this solar-induced fluorescence is able to measure the light that is used by the chlorophyll-a pigment (650-850nm). There is a linear relationship between this solar-induced fluorescence and the gross primary production of a plant. How does measuring chlorophyll-a pigment with solar-induced fluorescence help us infer net photosynthesis?For most plants, two distinct photosystems (Photosystem I and Photosystem II) work together in series during photosynthesis. These photosystems are complexes of proteins and pigment molecules. Statement 1: Photosystem I has an absorption maximum of 680 nm, whereas Photosystem II has an absorption maximum of 700 nm. Statement 2: The special pair of chlorophyll a molecules in the reaction center of photosystem I is designated as P700, whereas the special pair of chlorophyll a molecules in the reaction center of photosystem II is designated as P680. Statement 1 is true. Statement 2 is false. Statement 1 is false. Statement 2 is true. Both statements are true. Both statements are false.Complex II proteins are present in both Arabidopsis and Viscum. However, the amount of ATP produced by this complex is only about 60% of the ATP produced by Complex I, III, or IV. This lower yield of ATP is due to… A. The absence of nad genes associated with Complex I B. The comparatively low quantities of respiratory metabolism proteins in the electron transport chain of mistletoe C. The flow of electrons does not result in additions to the proton gradient and thus cannot be used to drive ATP formation via chemiosmosis D. The flow of electrons generates heat used for thermogenesis instead of oxidative phosphorylation
- Four species in the Chenopodiaceae were found to have one cell C4 photosynthesis. Givee 3 biochemical properties that could establish that these are C4 plants rather than C3 plants. For each property, describe and explain the test result or data you would expect if the plant is C4 rather than C3.1) Dichlorophenyldimethylurea inhibits photosynthesis by blocking electron transfer between the plastoquinone in photosystem II. a) Would you expect this to interfere with cyclic photophosphorylation? b) This herbicide normally stops O2 evolution, but if we add ferricyanide to the chloroplasts, O2 evolution continues. Why might this be the case?Carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone (CCCP) is an ionophore that allows the free passage of protons through membranes and is a metabolic poison of mitochondria. A researcher tested CCCP on the green alga Hydrodictyon africanum. Results showed that CO2CO2 fixation was severely inhibited, whereas O2O2 release and production of NADPH were only mildly affected. What is the MOST likely explanation of the results for the inhibition of carbon fixation? A. CCCP disrupts the synthesis of ATP at the mitochondrial membrane. B. CCCP inhibits splitting of water at the thylakoid membrane. C. CCCP inhibits the flow of electrons at the mitochondrial membrane. D. CCCP disrupts the synthesis of ATP at the thylakoid membrane.
- If photosynthesizing plants are grown in thepresence of 14CO2, is every carbon atom of the glucose that is produced labeled with the radioactive carbon? Why or why not?The photosynthetic process, used by the chloroplasts of green plants and green algae, is best represented by which of the following balanced equations? C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O g 6CO2 + 12H2O C6H12O6 + C6H12O6 g C12H22O11 + H2O 6CO2 + 12H2O g C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O C12H22O11 + H2O g C6H12O6 + C6H12O6 6CO2 + 12H2S g C6H12O6 + 6S2 + 6H2OIn addition, the proportion of each electron carrier (ferredoxin, NADP+,plastoquinone, cyt b559, cyt f, plastocyanin and cyt b6) that is oxidized duringphotosynthesis can be measured spectrophotometrically. From the data given below,identify each column with one of the electron carriers listed above, and give a shortreason to justify each choice. One of the electron carriers might not be represented by aletter. There may be ambiguity, where you can’t narrow down one letter between twosubstances – that’s fine, just explain why you can’t tell. The number shows the proportion of the lettered electron carrier that is oxidized; that is0.0 means none of that carrier is oxidized, and 1.0 means that it is fully oxidized. (attached table)A =B =C =D =E =F =