(a) The TCA cycle plays a central role in the aerobic catabolism of fuel molecules. Explain the dependence of the TCA cycle on gerobic conditions, (b) Compute the theoretical yield of ATP by oxidative phosphoryla when the acetyl-CoA obtained from B-oxidation of palmitic acid (16:0) is completely in an e aerobic cell. show all working.

FAD is a stronger oxidant than NAD*; FAD has a higher standard reduction potential than NAD*. Yet in the last reaction of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, FADH; bound to Ez is oxidized by NAD*. Explain this apparent paradox.

. Briefly describe the biological rationale for cach of the following allosteric phenomena: (a) activation of pyruvate carboxylase by acetyl-CoA; (b) acti- vation of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase by NADH; (c) inhibition of isoci- trate dehydrogenase by NADH; (d) activation of isocitrate dehydrogenase by ADP; (e) inhibition of a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase by succinyl-CoA; (f) activation of pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase by Ca*.

Name one reaction of glycolysis, one anaplerotic reaction, and one reaction of TCA cycle that acetyl-COA allostericqally regulates ( and declare whether it is an activator or inhibitor.)