A species is a group of individual organisms that interbreed and produce fertile, viable offspring. According to this definition, one species is distinguished from another when, in nature, it is not possible for matings between individuals from each species to produce fertile offspring. Evolution is an important mechanism in the formation of new species. The evolution of a new species requires several components including all, BUT   A) Evolution of a new species requires a long time.     B) Evolution of a new species requires the need for a genetic change.     C) Evolution of a new species requires a separation that prevents interbreeding.     D) Evolution of a new species requires mutations that produce new genetic traits.

A population of lizards in Northern California is brown and is not poisonous to birds. A population of lizards in Southern California is orange and is poisonous to birds. In central California, where the two species overlap, a new species of non-poisonous, orange lizards arose. Which of the following statements best explains the existence of non-poisonous orange lizards? A) Non-poisonous brown lizards changed color once they noticed birds did not eat orange lizards. B) Non-poisonous orange lizards have a selective advantage since birds avoid orange lizards. C) Non-poisonous lizards turn orange by eating orange flowers and then pass the trait on D) Non-poisonous orange lizards have a selective disadvantage since they cannot blend in. E) Non-poisonous brown lizards are more attractive to mates.

8) Each of the observations provides evidence that supports the idea of common ancestry and evolution.   Which one is from the field of molecular biology?   A) Mammals have two openings in the skull behind each eye socket, whereas reptiles and bird only have one opening.   B) DNA analysis shows that the DNA of Neanderthals is more similar to the DNA of non‑African humans than that of Africans.   C) Two closely related but distinct species of squirrels inhabit the north and south rims of the Grand Canyon.   D) The embryos of both birds and mammals divide in a radial cleavage pattern instead of a spiral cleavage pattern present in insects.

For natural selection to occur, there must be competition for resources, competition for survival, or 15) different reproductive success. Why is this so? A) Without competition, there is no pressure to mutate.B) The struggle of competition makes individuals stronger.C) Natural selection acts on the different abilities of individuals to survive and pass on their genes to the next generation.D) Populations evolve to preserve the species and don't change unless they must. Then explain why the answer is correct and why the others one are inccorect.