A small section of a gene for a protein has the following nucleotide sequence: CTA TCC CCT ACG TCA Which of the following mutations would cause a silent mutation in the sequence shown above? a. Replacement of first thymine base with adenine base b. Replacement of second thymine base with guanine base c. Replacement of first cytosine base with guanine base d. Replacement of second adenine base with thymine base

Finally, imagine that a mutation occurred in the codon below and an A was inserted between the two Ts. How would this affect the mRNA and the amino acid for that codon? Old DNA codon Old RNA codon Old amino acid New DNA codon New mRNA codon New amino acid T  T  G     T  A T  G       This would be an example of which type of a mutation?__________________________

Sickle cell anemia is an example of a genetic disease caused by a point mutation. To answer this question look at the information in chapter 3 of the OpenStax book. If you use another resource that is fine but you will need to share the link. a. Describe the specific change in the nucleotide sequence sequence from normal to mutated hemoglobin. b. Describe the specific change in the amino acid sequence from normal to mutated hemoglobin. c. Explain the structural effect that this point mutation has on the hemoglobin protein. d. Explain how this mutation affects the function of the hemoglobin protein.

Consider this sequence below:  GAG TAC ACG AGT GGA Which of the following options is an example of a non-synonymous point mutation? (remember to translate to mRNA!) A. GAG TAC AAT CGA GTG GA B. GAG TAC ACG GGT GGA C. GAG TAC A–G AGT GGA D. GAG TAC ACG AGA GGA

Use the first picture and codon table to answer the following questions.

A gene contains the sequence CGCATACGGTAC that results in the amino acid sequence arg-ile-arg-tyr. A mutation in this gene removes the first G in the strand.What is true of this mutation's effect on the phenotype?1.It will affect the phenotype because although most of the protein will be identical, the first amino acid will be different.2.It will not affect the phenotype because the protein will be identical to the original protein.3.It will affect the phenotype because all the amino acids past this point will be different from the original protein.4.It will not affect the phenotype because only the first amino acid is different from the original protein.

Fill in the bases, codon, anticodon, or amino acid needed to complete the following table that relates the sequences of DNA, mRNA, tRNA, and the resulting polypeptide. For the polypeptide, enter the 3-letter codes of the amino acid residues. DNA informational strand: 5' end AGA DNA template strand: 3' end. TAG mRNA codons: tRNA anticodons: 5' end CAU CGA CUG 3' end 5' end AAG 3' end

An individual with the genetic condition cystic fibrosis has CFTR protein with the amino acid histidine (at position 482), where the normal CFTR protein has arginine. No other changes are observed in the protein. This is the result of a ____ mutation. Select one: a. nonsense b. frameshift c. silent d. missense

Below is a segment of RNA, transcribed from a DNA sequence. Use the codonchart to help answer the questions below. 5’ AUG/CCU/ACG/GAC/UGG/CCU 3’ a. What polypeptide would be generated by this sequence? b. The RNA is mutated to: 5’ AUGCCCACGGACUGGCCU 3’. What type of mutationhas occurred? Show the new polypeptide chain. c. The RNA is mutated to: 5’ AUGCCUACGGACGGGCCU 3’. What type of mutationhas occurred? Show the new polypeptide chain. d. The RNA is mutated to: 5’ AUGCCUACGGACUGACCU 3’. What type of mutationhas occurred? Show the new polypeptide chain.

Which of the following statements are accurate descriptions of the genetic code? MARK ALL THAT APPLY Select one or more: a. The genetic code is made up of triplet nucleotides that specify an amino acid. b. The genetic code is unambiguous because codons only specific a single amino acid. C. The genetic code is read in an overlapping manner. d. The genetic code is redundant because a single codon can specify more than one amino acid. e. Some amino acids are encoded by more than one codon. f. All codons of the genetic code specify amino acids.