(a) Formulate the equilibrium expression for the endo- thermic reaction AgCl-NH3(s) = A£CI(s) + NH3(g) (b) What is the effect on PNH, at equilibrium if addi- tional AgCl(s) is added? (c) What is the effect on PNH, at equilibrium if addi- tional NH3(g) is pumped into or out of the system, provided that neither of the two solid phases shown in the chemical equation is completely used up? (d) What is the effect on PNH; of lowering the temperature?

The initial concentrations or pressures of reactants and products are given for each of the following systems. Calculate the reaction quotient and determine the direction in which each system will proceed to reach equilibrium. (The system is considered in equilibrium if Kc and Qc are within 5% of each other.) (a) 2 NH3(g) equalibrium arrow N2(g) + 3 H2(g),   [NH3]i = 0.400 M, [N2]i = 0.155 M, [H2]i = 0.110 M, Kc = 16 What is the reaction quotient?   What direction will the reaction shift to?     (b) 2 NH3(g) equalibrium arrow N2(g) + 3 H2(g),  Pi(NH3) = 2.10 atm, Pi(N2) = 10.70 atm, Pi(H2) = 10.70 atm, Kp = 8.3 ✕ 104 What is the reaction quotient?   What direction will the reaction shift to?      (c) 2 SO3(g) equalibrium arrow 2 SO2(g) + O2(g),    [SO3]i = 1.90 M, [SO2]i = 1.90 M, [O2]i = 1.90 M, Kc = 0.23 What is the reaction quotient?   What direction will the reaction shift to?     (d) 2 SO3(g) equalibrium arrow 2 SO2(g) + O2(g),  Pi(SO3) = 0.100 atm, Pi(SO2) =…

12.48 The following reaction is in equilibrium in lake water: HCO3(aq) + H+ (aq) = H₂CO3(aq) Predict the change in the reaction quotient, Q, for each disturbance below and use that prediction to explain how the equilibrium is shifted by the stress. (a) NaHCO3 is added to the lake. (b) H₂CO3 is added. (c) NaOH is added.

(b) At 100° C, the Keq for the Haber process is 4,51 X 10-5: N₂ + 3 H₂ 2 NH3 Consider the following reaction conditions and determine if the system is at equilibrium. If not, indicate the direction in which the reaction must proceed to establish equilibrium (i) PNH3 105 atm, PN2 = 35 atm and PH2 = 495 atm (ii) PNH3 35 atm, PN2 = 0 atm and PH2 = 595 atm (iii) PNH3 = 26 atm, PN2 = 202 atm and PH2 = 42 atm (iv) PNH3 105 atm, PN2 = 5 atm and PH2 = 55 atm