*9.36. Biodiesel fuel-a sustainable alternative to petroleum diesel as a transportation fuel-is produced via the transesterification of triglyceride molecules derived from vegetable oils or animal fats. For every 9kg of biodiesel produced in this process, 1 kg of glycerol, C3H8O3, is produced as a byproduct. Finding a market for the glycerol is important for biodiesel manufacturing to be economically viable. A process for converting glycerol to the industrially important specialty chemical intermediates acrolein, C3H₂O, and hydroxyacetone (acetol), C3H6O₂, has been proposed. ¹3 The reactions take place in the vapor phase at 325°C in a fixed bed reactor over an acid catalyst. The feed to the reactor is a vapor stream at 325°C containing 25 mol % glycerol, 25% water, and the balance nitrogen. All of the glycerol is consumed in the reactor, and the product stream contains acrolein and hydroxyacetone in a 9:1 mole ratio. Data for the process species are shown below. Species glycerol (v) acrolein(v) hydroxyacetone(v) C3H8O3 → C3H₂O + 2H₂O C3H8O3 → C3H6O2 + H₂O water(v) nitrogen(g) AĤ(kJ/mol) -620 -65 -372 -242 0 C[kJ/(mol-°C)] 0.1745 0.0762 0.1096 0.0340 0.0291 (a) Assume a basis of 100 mol fed to the reactor, and draw and completely label a flowchart. Carry out a degree-of-freedom analysis assuming that you will use extents of reaction for the material balances. Then calculate the molar amounts of all product species. (b) Calculate the total heat added or removed from the reactor (state which it is), using the constant heat capacities given in the above table. (c) Assuming this process is implemented along with biodiesel production, how would you determine whether the biodiesel is an economically viable alternative to petroleum diesel?

A feed stream containing 15% wt solids and 85% wt water is introduced in a certain process where the solids are being crushed. The crushed solids and preservatives are mixed in a 4:5 mass ratio and the mixture is heated to evaporate water. The residue has 1/3 water by mass. write step by step process: how many unknowns how many independent equations can be made? calculate the mass fraction of the solids in the product stream after producing 100 g of the product residue. Report your answer to 4 decimal places.

Aniline is produced by the hydrogenation of nitrobenzene. A small amount of cyclohexylamine is produced as a by-product. Nitrobenzene is fed to the reactor as a vapor with three times the required stoichiometric amount of hydrogen. The conversion of nitrobenzene to the products is 96% and the selectivity to aniline is 85%. Unreacted hydrogen is separated from the reaction products and recycled to the reactor. From the recycle line it is purged to keep the inerts in the recycle stream below 5%. The fresh hydrogen that is fed is 99.5% pure and the rest is inert. Calculate the adiabatic outlet temperature of the reaction products and indicate the relationship with respect to the reference temperature (298.15) (in K):

Material and energy balance

A mixture of 90g of N2, 165g of O2 and 45g of Cl2 is introduced to a reactor where the following chemical reaction is carried out in the gas phase, If the reaction has a yield of 85% yield. Calculate the products of the reaction at the outlet. N2+O2→N2O4