8. The cartoon at the right depicts a hypothetical cell that has a Lit-K+ ATPase (shown as the filled circle with arrows). The cell also contains Lit and K* channels. The membrane is three times more permeable to K* than it is to Li*. The following are the steady state concentrations of Lit and K*: [Li*Jout [Li*]in = 5 mM = 4 mM Lit = 100 mM ADP + P ATP [K*Jout [K*]in Temp = 10°C Assuming that the Vm is produced only by the diffusion of Li and K*, calculate the Vm. = 80 mM

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Osmosis

In simple words, osmosis is the slow, gradual movement of a liquid through a membrane. But there are nuances to this process. For instance, there has to be an imbalance in the distribution of solute in the liquid on either side of the membrane, which has to be semipermeable. The liquid in the region with a lower solute concentration moves to the region with a higher concentration, thereby displacing the solution in the process. The objective is to equalize the concentration of molecules on both sides of the membrane; the displacement of liquid can be viewed as a byproduct of this equalization. Since there is no energy required to carry osmosis, it is considered a passive process.