8. Inflation-induced tax distortions Ashwin receives a portion of his income from his holdings of interest-bearing U.S. government bonds. The bonds offer a real interest rate of 4.5% per year. The nominal interest rate on the bonds adjusts automatically to account for the inflation rate. The government taxes nominal interest income at a rate of 10%. The following table shows two scenarios: a low-inflation scenario and a high- inflation scenario. Given the real interest rate of 4.5% per year, find the nominal interest rate on Ashwin's bonds, the after-tax nominal interest rate, and the after-tax real interest rate under each inflation scenario. Inflation Rate Real Interest Rate Nominal Interest Rate After-Tax Nominal Interest Rate (Percent) (Percent) (Percent) (Percent) 2.5 4.5 7.0 4.5 Compared with higher inflation rates, a lower inflation rate will nominal interest income. This tends to the economy's long-run growth rate. saving, thereby After-Tax Real Interest Rate (Percent) the after-tax real interest rate when the government taxes the quantity of investment in the economy and

Select Correct and explain Why Social security payments have been adjusted for inflation annually since the late 1970s yet it is sometimes argued that the true cost of living for retirees on social security rises less than the cost of living adjustment used by the government. If this is the case, retirees: are hurt by inflation even with the government's inflation adjustment. are protected from inflation by the government's inflation adjustment. benefit from using the government's cost of living adjustment rather than a more accurate cost of living adjustment. would be better off if the government cost of living adjustment more accurately reflected the true cost of living for retirees.

1. The index number representing the price level changes from 110 to 115 in 2019, and then from 115 to 120 in 2020. Since the index number increases by 5 this year, is five the inflation rate each year? Is the inflation rate the same each year?. NOTE: Explain and support the answer with calculations. 2. The total price of purchasing a basket of goods over four years is; year 1 - P940 year 2 - P970 year 3 - P1,000 year 4 - P1,070 Calculate two price indicates, one using year 1 as the base year (set equal to 100) and the other using the year 4 as the base year (set equal to 100). NOTE: Explain and support the answer with calculations.

1) Whether you gain or lose during a period of inflation depends on: a) how the price increases affect government purchases of goods. b) whether the economy is expanding or contracting. c) whether you save or not. d) whether your income rises faster or slower than prices of the things you buy. 2) A real wage that does not keep pace with inflation implies: a) a decrease in purchasing power. b) a decrease in nominal wages. c) a decrease in nominal wages after inflation. d) an increase in the inflation adjusted real wage.

12. Inflation-induced tax distortions Ashwin receives a portion of his income from his holdings of interest-bearing U.S. government bonds. The bonds offer a real interest rate of 4.5% per year. The nominal interest rate on the bonds adjusts automatically to account for the inflation rate. The government taxes nominal interest income at a rate of 10%. The following table shows two scenarios: a low-inflation scenario and a high- inflation scenario. Given the real interest rate of 4.5% per year, find the nominal interest rate on Ashwin's bonds, the after-tax nominal interest rate, and the after-tax real interest rate under each inflation scenario. Inflation Rate Real Interest Rate Nominal Interest Rate After-Tax Nominal Interest Rate (Percent) (Percent) (Percent) (Percent) 2.5 4.5 7.0 4.5 Compared with higher inflation rates, a lower inflation rate will nominal interest income. This tends to ▼saving, thereby the economy's long-run growth rate. After-Tax Real Interest Rate (Percent) the…

The table below shows the annual change in the average nominal wage and inflation rate since 2008. a. Compute the percentage change in real income for each year shown in the table. Instructions: In part a, round your answers to two decimal places. In parts b and c, enter your answers as a whole number. If entering a negative number, include a minus sign. Percentage Changes in Nominal Income and Prices Year 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Annual Inflation Rate (percent) 3.92% -0.36 1.66 3.24 2.11 1.48 Annual Nominal Wage Growth (percent) 0.34% -1.24 -0.76 1.4 2.76 2.28 Annual Real Wage Growth (percent) (0.39) x % (0.88) ♥ 2.42 x 9.87 x b. Of the years listed above, the paycheck of the average worker declined in 2 c. Of the years listed above, the purchasing power of the average worker declined in of the six years. 4 of the six years. d. The average real income of households can increase whether the nominal wage increases or decreases

Suppose you'll have an annual nominal income of $20,000 for each of the next three years, and the inflation rate is 5 percent per year. Hint: Present value = Future value = (1 + Growth in prices)* = Real value of next year's income = Next year's income ÷ (1+ Growth in prices) Instructions: Round your responses to the nearest whole dollar. a. Find the real value of your $20,000 salary for each of the next three years. Year 1: $ Year 2: $ Year 3: $ b. If you have a COLA in your contract, what is the real value of your salary for each year? Year 1: $ 19047 Year 2: $ 18144 Year 3: $ 17276

The real interest rate is 6 percent a year and the income tax rate is 50 percent.   With no​ inflation, what is the real​ after-tax interest​ rate?   If the inflation rate rises to 4 percent a​ year, what is the real​ after-tax interest​ rate?

Note:- Do not provide handwritten solution. Maintain accuracy and quality in your answer. Take care of plagiarism. Answer completely. You will get up vote for sure.

Consider the following hypothetical tax schedule, expressed in nominal terms, for the tax year 2021-22.    Assuming the CPI is 100 in 2021-22 and 125 in 2022-23, but the government does not adjust the tax schedule for tax year 2022-23, what is the average tax rate in 2022-23 for a household earning $48,000 in 2021-22, assuming their nominal income goes up with inflation? 15% 10% 9.1% 8.6% 7.7%