5. Consider the decarboxylation of dimethyloxaloacetate 7 to 3-methyl-2-oxobutyrate 8 shown below H3CO cat. Cu²+ & CO2 CH3OH (aq) cat. Cu²+ no reaction CH3OH (aq) 9 a. Provide a mechanism to account for the fact that Cu2+ catalyzes this reaction. b. In one sentence explain why Cu2+ does not similarly catalyze the decarboxylation of 9.

5. Given the following information tables, determine in which cell type cleavage of the terminal phosphate from ADP yields the greatest actual change in free energy. (Please work in kJ/mol.) TABLE 13-6 Standard Free Energies of Hydrolysis of Some Phosphorylated Compounds and Acetyl-CoA (a Thioester) TABLE 13-5 Total Concentrations of Adenine Nucleotides, Inorganic Phosphate, and Phosphocreatine in Some Cells AG (kJimol) (kcalimol) Concentration (MM) Phosphoenolpyruvate 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate (+3-phosphoglycerate + P) Phosphocreatine -61.9 -14.8 ATP ADP AMP P, PCr Rat hepatocyte Rat myocyte 49.3 -11.8 3.38 1.32 0.29 4.8 -43.0 -103 8.05 0.93 0.04 8.05 28 ADP (+ AMP + P) -32.8 -7.8 -7.3 Rat neuron 2.59 0.73 0.06 2.72 4.7 ATP (+ ADP + P) Location of -30.5 Human erythrocyte 225 0.25 0.02 1.65 ATP (+ AMP • PP) AMP (+ adenosine P) cleavage is important! 45.6 -10.9 E. coli cell 7.90 1.04 0.82 7.9 -14.2 -34 For erythrocytes the concentrations are those of the cytosol (human erythrocytes lack a…

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38. The shown reaction is one of the four repeating steps during fatty acid biosynthesis. Which of the following statements is correct? 유 CH3-C-CH₂-C-S-ACP A B OH 유 CH3-C-CH₂-C-5-ACP → A. The small molecule in box A is NADPH + H* B. It is the second reduction reaction during fatty acid biosynthesis C. Both A and B D. Neither A nor B

35. Which of the following statements is true for the shown reaction? P-O-CH₂ 2 HOTHS HO OH OH A A. activated by citrate B. activated by ATP D DO-CH KH OH C. endergonic D. inhibited by fructose 2,6-bisphosphates E. None of the above CH₂0-℗ HQ OH B

5.4. If 32P labeled (radioactive phosphate) inorganic phosphate were introduced to erythrocytes undergoing glycolysis which of the following molecules would you expect to detect 32P in Glycolytic intermediates? A. Fructose 1-6 bisphosphate B. 3-Phosphoglyceraldehyde C. Dihydroxyacetone phosphate D. 2-Phosphoglycerate E. 1-3 bisphosphoglycerate F. Phosphoenolpyruvate G. 3-Phosphoglycerate H. Pyruvate I. None of the above   is it E?