I need answer within 20 minutes please please with my best wishes 5. A young woman decided to lose weight and abstained from fat-containing foodfor several months. Her dict contained an increased amount of carbohydratesrelative to the norm, and her weight increasedInily intakadeates with pormal nrities ond9.4. Hormonal Regulation of Fuel Metabolism at Normal Nutrition Rhythm517increasedd) describe the process regulation mentioned in c), write the regulatory reactionof this process, name the key enzyme, its activators and inhibitors;c) name all mctabolic pathways of glucose that provide the precursors formationfor the fatty acids synthesis, and list all needed components formed fromglucose.

The energy demands of the cells are primarily met by the metabolism of glucose molecules. But, the…

Answered: 5. A young woman decided to lose weight…

Biochemistry

6th Edition

ISBN:9781305577206

Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Publisher:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Chapter22: Gluconeogenesis, Glycogen Metabolism, And The Pentose Phosphate Pathway

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 8P

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Which of the following statements about insulin is true? Insulin acts as a transport protein, cany in g glucose across the cell membrane. Insulin facilitates the movement of inti acellular glucose transporters to the cell membrane. Insulin stimulates the breakdown of stored glycogen into glucose. Insulin stimulates the kidneys to reabsorb glucose into the bloodstream.
Contrast the actions of insulin and glucagon, and describe diabetes mellitus and hypoglycemia, including the metabolic effects of these discords.
8. The adipose tissue is not only store triacylglycerols but also is active endocrine organ. Explain this function of the adipose tissuc. For that: a) explain the «clinical obesity» and possible consequences of the discase; b) name the biologically active molecules secreted by the adipose tissue; c) explain how secretion of these molecules changes with development of obesity. 9. A daily dict ofa 55-ycar-old woman, consisted ofa 500 g of carbohydrates, 100g of animal fats and 150 g of proteins, at the background of low physical activity.
Recent recommendations on diet suggestthat the sources of calories should be distributed as follows: 50%–55% carbohydrate, 25%–30% fats, and 20% protein. Suggest somereasons for these recommendations.
2. A girl decided to lose wcight and has been fasting for three days. What metabolic changes occurred in the girl's organism by the end of the 3-day fast? For answer: a) draw appropriate charts of metabolic pathways reflecting the changes in fat metabolism in the liver and adipose tissue during the prolonged fasting; b) name the hormones that accelerate these processes, and draw the charts of signal transduction of these hormoncs to the target cells; c) enumerate the regulatory enzymes with changed activity under the influence of the mentioned hormones.
3. A patient has got excess carbohydrate meal for the years and gain the weight. To explain this: a) draw the schemes of TAG synthesis in the liver; b) describe the transport of TAG from the liver to adipose tissue; c) describe the functions of insulin in the conversion of glucose to TAG in the liver and adipose tissue. Glucose containing Catoms was added to isolated hepatocytes inanexperiment. Ifthe glucose was added in excess, the rate of triacylglyccrol synthesis increased.
5a). What metabolic and hormonal changes account for decreased gluconeogenesis during the first several week s of starvation in humans.
8. Ketone bodies were found in the urine of the patient with diabetes mellitus. Explain the sequence of metabolic changes resulting in ketonuria. For that answer the question and do the following tasks: a) what are the ranges of ketone bodics in blood of the healthy pcople and the patients with diabetes mellitus? b) explain the main changes in hormonal regulation of patient with diabetes mellitus; c) explain why the level of free fatty acids in the blood is clevated; d) name the pathways of lipid metabolism which becomes more active in patients with diabetes mellitus; e) draw the scheme of ketone body synthesis and oxidation.
1A. Produceadiagramtoillustratethedifferenttypesofmoleculesfoundincells.Briefly describe their properties and functions within the cell. In a separate diagram, describe how carbohydrates, amino acids and triacylglycerides interact metabolically in the generation of energy in the form of ATP.B. Mineralsandvitaminsareimportantnutritionalmoleculesbecausetheyfunctionas cofactors for critical enzymes in living systems. Without them, important biochemical reactions required for growth and tissue repair will not occur. Knowing this, explain the biochemical significance of folate and iron supplementation in pregnant women and women of reproductive age. Consider the effects of folate and iron deficiency as well. 2A. Thevalueofenzymesinlivingsystemsisthatwithoutthem,chemicalreactionsrequired for life to exist would not be possible under physiological conditions. On the basis of this, discuss how enzymes make life possible from a biochemical perspective. Include the following terms in your…
muer the xƏ DUR SUO am the Disequences UI 6. A 40-ycar-old woman was taken toa hospital by ambulance. She exhibited tangled consciousness, the smell of acetone from the mouth, rapid breathing, xerostomia. Screening showed that the blood glucose concentration is 18 mmol/L (324 mg/ dL); ketone bodies - 4.9 mmol/dL (norm 0.02-0.43). Urine contained ketone bodics. Arterial pH is 7.3. Based on the studies conducted, diabetic ketoacidosis was diagnosed. What metabolic changes could lead to the situation described above? For answer: a) suggest the type of diabetes and give the changes of hormonal status associated with diabetes mcllitus; b) list the main symptoms of the disease and explain their causes; c) draw the charts of lipid metabolism pathways in adipose tissue and liver with an acceleration leading to ketoacidosis; d) name the immediate actions to improve the patient's condition. IDD
5. There is an expression: diabetes mellitus is «hunger among abundance. What metabolic changes in diabetes confirm the validity of this statement? For answer: 9.8. Metabolic Changes in Diabetes Mellitus 535 a) list the main causes of metabolic changes in IDDM; b) enumerate the tissues with the main energy sources metabolism procceding according to this type of starvation; c) name the metabolic pathways that are activated and inhibited in these tissues, and explain why; d) list the symptoms of diabetes mellitus, that reflect such metabolic changes; c) draw a diagram of one of the mctabolic pathways that is activated in the liver under these conditions and explain the consequences of such activation.
Diabetes mellitus is characterized by insufficiency of thepancreas to produce enough insulin to regulate the blood sugarlevel. In type I diabetes, the pancreas produces no insulin, andthe patient is totally dependent on insulin from an externalsource to be infused at a rate to maintain blood sugar levelsat normal levels. Hyperglycemia occurs when blood glucoselevel rises much higher than the norm (>8 mmol/L) for pro-longed periods of time; hypoglycemia occurs when the blood sugar level falls below values of 3 mmol/L. Both situations canbe deleterious to the individual’s health. The normal range ofblood sugar is between 3.8 and 5.6 mmol/L, the target rangefor a controller regulating blood sugar.A patient with type I diabetes needs your help to maintainher blood sugar within an acceptable range (3 mmol/L<glucose<8 mmol/L). She has just eaten a large meal (a disturbance) that you estimate will release glucose accord-ing toD(t)=0.5e−0.05t,wheretis in minutes andD(t)is inmmol/L –…

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