5) Arman weighs 130 kg. Assume his total blood volume is 12%, his heart pumps his total blood volume within 90 seconds, and his renal blood flow is 20% of his cardiac output. Calculate the volume of blood that flows through Arman's kidneys each minute.
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- Urine creatinine: 180 mg/dL . Plasma creatinine: 2.3 mg/dL . Urine output: 1.6 mL/mi Creatinine Clearance (C) = (Urine Creatinine × Urine Flow Rate) / Plasma Creatinine What is CSeverely malnourished individuals, depleted of proteins and other solutes in their plasma, experience extreme edema which can result in the appearance of distended abdomens. The following is a graph of the typical blood and osmotic pressures in the capillaries of a healthy, well-nourished individual. A. Which graph (A-D) most closely resembles how the pressures might change in a malnourished person to result in the initial appearance of edema. B. Briefly explain how this pressure change results in edema.A healthy 48-year-old man comes to the physician with his wife for a routine examination. When asked about his diet, the patient says, "I eat health foods as long as they taste good." His wife says that her husband heavily salts all the food he eats. Under normal circumstances, which of the following responses most likely allows the patient to compensate for the excess dietary sodium? Serum concentrations: Aldostrone angiotensin II plasma renin activity a. increased increased increased b. increased increased decreased c. increased decreased increased d. increased decreased decreased e. decreased decreased decreased
- Steven is a 35 year old male. To gain a better understanding of fluid requirement, you have decided to calculate his hourly sweat rate. You have collected the following data: · Exercise duration: 2 hours· Pre-exercise body mass: 85kg· Post-exercise body mass: 82.5kg· Fluid consumed during exercise: 350mL· Urine loss during exercise: 50mL From this data, what is his hourly sweat rate? Based on this, how much fluid should he consume during training?1Z11 @ لا يوجد SIM السؤال If we denote directly proportional with "D" and inversely proportional with "I", the best answer for the relationship between the amount of toxicant excreted by kidney and the following parameters (tubular reabsorption-urine output-ionized portion of toxicant-volume of distribution-protein binding) will be O I-I-I-D-D O I-D-D-I-I O D-D-I-I-I O D-I-D-D-D حفظ الإجابةPressure sensing by the kidneys is a better surrogate for: A. Heart rate B. Stroke volume C. Cardiac output D. Differences in water concentration between the intracellular and extracellular compartments
- Hypertension is a major health issue in the United States, yet glomerular filtration rate is not autoregulated until mean arterial blood pressure exceeds 180 mm Hg. In contrast, a drop in mean arterial blood pressure of only a few mm Hg sets autoregulation into motion. What does this tell you about the regulation of blood pressure?Give the 4 factors affecting the urine volume in physiological system. Explain how each factor affects the volume of urine.Using the space below, DRAW a simple diagram of the nephron loop and the vasa recta capillaries. Include the following in your drawing: Arrows showing the direction of blood flow in the vasa recta and the flow of tubular fluid (pre-urine) in the nephron loop An arrow (labeled # 1) showing where NaCl is pumped out of the nephron loop An arrow (labeled #2) showing where NaCl diffuses into the vasa recta An arrow (labeled #3) showing where NaCl diffuses out of the vasa recta An arrow (labeled #4) showing where water diffuses out of the nephron loop 10 good Nephrahtcop, is eirlu Vasa Recta astagi lls zirds gnidu dol bemot etsult ai s1erW I o e brus noltqroeds91 Jzom 25ob sedW Tuppo Jolb bns eenomad oe ni bns noit qroadsen isnolilbbe seob o1arW Ihshiavollanid Lbeninm baildsten ai notteineonoo muiboz s al e holde 10 nobqoedes gnihub sludu i6n91 erb lo mutioriqe ardd za010 29onsiedue ob woH .e
- Explain the role of renin-angiotensin - aldosterone pathway in restoring blood pressure and fluid balance. Include the stimulus for release, the pathway that is involved, and the physiological effects of angiotensin II and aldosterone. Answer should include: Identify stimulus/change that starts the pathway (i.e. Identify the direction of change IN BP or circulating fluid status) What happens in the juxtaglomerular cells? Clue: what stimulus causes the release of renin? Explain action of renin - what protein does it act on? What is it converted to? Which enzymes converts angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2? What are the actions of angiotensin 2? Clue: stimulates adrenal context to produce what? And what effect does angiotensin 2 have on blood vessels? What causes reabsorption of Na into blood ? What effect does this have on blood volume? How is BP restored ? Explain how this relates to equation for BP ( BP= CO x TPR)1. 3 of the following are true of the Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System (RAAS) A. The JG cells are located at the distal collecting tubule B. The Juxtaglomerular cells (JG cells) are modified smooth muscles in the afferent arteriole C. The Macula densa detects osmolality of the filtrate D. The Macula densa is made up of tall columnar cells 2. 2 of the following are true of the RAAS responding to a decrease in Na in the filtrate A. Macula densa detects the decrease in osmolality B. JG cells are stimulated by Macula densa through tight junctions C. Aldosterone stimulates principal cells of collecting tubule to reabsorb water D. Aldosterone reabsorbs Na and by osmotic forces increase fluid in the extracellular compartment 3. 2 of the following are true of the loop of Henle A. Descending thick limb is also called the pars recta of the proximal tubule B. The function of the descending thick limb is similar to the distal convoluted tubule C. Cells of the descending thin limb are very…The renal handling of a novel drug is being studied. When the drug is present in the blood, it is filtered into the Bowman’s capsule and secreted via transport proteins in the renal tubules, but it is NOT reabsorbed. The lines on the following graph represent filtration, secretion and excretion rates of this drug at various plasma concentrations. For the three lines shown (labeled A-C) identify which line represents filtration, which line represents secretion, and which line represents excretion Explain how you determined this.