Biochemistry
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781319114671
Author: Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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- Why RNase H cannot remove all the RNA residue from Okazaki fragments to form a lagging strand? Explain.arrow_forward36.Start with two exons and an intervening intron. Include the cap and poly-A tail in your starting pre-mRNA. Show 2’-OH, 3’-OH, O-P-O phosphodiester bonds for the two transesterification reactions that splice exon 1 and exon 2. Be sure to include the branchpoint A and intron consensus sequences. You will need to show where the incoming -OH attacks the O-P-O bond to allow correct splicing in the lariat and between exons. Make your arrows precise. Show the lariat with the consensus sequences. Whenever possible, show 5’ and 3’ ends. Explain the fate of the lariat after it forms?arrow_forward1. (a) By binding one L-tryptophan molecule/monomer, the trp repressor binds to DNA to sup- press synthesis of L-tryptophan in E. coli. Below is the amino acid sequence of the helix - reverse turn - helix region of the trp repressor that binds to DNA compared to the sequence of the corresponding DNA binding motif of the Prl protein. A diagram of the trp repressor dimer is also shown. Trp Prl Trp Prl 80 -Gly-Glu-Met-Ser-Gln-Arg-Glu-Leu-Lys-Asn-Glu-Leu-Gly-Ala-Gly-Ile- -Ser-Glu-Glu-Ala-Lys-Glu-Glu-Leu-Ala-Lys-Lys-Cys-Gly-Ile-Thr-Val- trp helix 5 70 trp helix 4 Prl helix 80 Prl helix Ala-Thr-Ile-Thr-Arg-Gly-Ser-Asn-Ser-Leu-Lys-Ala-Ala- Ser-Gln-Val-Ser-Asn-Trp-Phe-Gly-Asn-Lys-Arg-Ile-Arg- reverse turn 90 Comparing the two protein sequences above, identify all amino acid pairs that differ in electrostatic charge due to proton dissociable groups (assume pH 7). Indicate the charge of both residues for each such pair. (b) Circle the pair of residues for which the electrostatic charge due to…arrow_forward
- The subunits of the translation initiation complex in PROKARYOTES.* 1 point O 30S and 50S O 40S and 60S O 20S and 60S O 10S and 70S Normal pH of the human blood? * 1 point O 7.30 to 7.40 O 7.35 to 7.45 O 7.40 to 7.50 O 7.45 to 7.55 A structural motif that contains 2 cysteine and 2 histidine amino acids. * I point Helix-turn-helix Motifarrow_forward51. Prokaryotic RNAP requires four types of ribonucleoside triphosphates, a DNA molecule and a divalent metal atom. Please explain how each of these requirements support the function of RNAP.arrow_forwardTrypsin cleaves a polypeptide backbone at the C-terminal side of Arg or Lys residues, whereas chymotrypsin cleaves after aromatic residues. A polypeptide was treated with trypsin to generate a series of fragments of the following sequences: Gly-Gly-Ile-Arg Ser-Phe-Leu-Gly Trp-Ala-Ala-Pro-Lys Ala-Glu-Glu-Gly-Leu-Arg And the same polypeptide was treated with chymotrypsin to generate the following fragments: Leu-Gly Ala-Glu-Glu-Gly-Leu-Arg-Trp Ala-Ala-Pro-Lys-Gly-Gly-Ile-Arg-Ser-Phe Assemble the protein sequence.arrow_forward
- Treating a solution of ribonuclease with 2-mercaptoethanol and urea denatures the enzyme. If the 2-mercaptoethanol is removed, followed by the removal of urea, the ability of the enzyme solution to hydrolyse RNA is reduced by about 99%. What is the most plausible explanation for this observation? a. All of the RNase molecules have about 1% of their usual activity, due to changes to the organisation of disulphide bonds b. Random formation of disulphide bonds mean about 1% of the RNase molecules are 100% active whereas 99% have no activity c. Deprotonation of histidine in the active site of the enzyme means that only about 1% of the enzyme molecules are active d. Deprotonation of histidine in the active site of the enzyme means that all of the enzyme molecules have 1% of their usual activityarrow_forwardThe coding (or “sense”)strand(again noticename ANDthe directionality)of DNAthat is known to encode the C-terminal end of a long E. coliprotein has the following nucleotide sequence:5′–CCATGCAAAGTAATAGGT–3′Give the sequence of the last three amino acids of the protein (label the C-terminus).arrow_forwardA DNA-binding protein recognizes the following double-strandedsequence:5′–GCCCGGGC–3′3′–CGGGCCCG–5′This type of double-stranded structure could also occur withinthe stem region of an RNA stem-loop. Discuss the structural differencesbetween RNA and DNA that might prevent the DNAbindingprotein from recognizing a double-stranded RNA molecule.arrow_forward
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