2)You would expect liver cells and muscle cells to have the same gene expression. a)True b)False

Cancer-causing mutations in genes can have different effects on the protein products expressed. a) What type of mutation would be dominant in the development of cancer? Why? b) What type of mutation would be expressed as a recessive trait in the development of cancer? Why? c) Based upon your answers to parts (a) and (b), how would you treat these situations using a gene therapy approach?

The protein neuroD is a critical human protein translated in the brain during development. The protein is 357 amino acids long. What is the length of the human neuroD *gene* sequence? a)357 nucleotides b)1071 nucleotides c)119 nucleotides d)You cannot determine the length of the gene from this information alone.

Another cancer cell line that you are working on came from a patient in your medical clinic. You recognize that this is a new type of breast cancer that has never been described before. a. How could you use sequence analysis to determine if this patient inherited the mutation from one of her parents or if it spontaneously occurred in her cells? (Unfortunately her parents have passed away.) b. How could you use sequence analysis to determine if this gene is a tumor suppressor or an oncogene? (For partial credit briefly define tumor suppressor and oncogene.)

Monoclonal antibodies are produced by immunizing a mouse with a particular antigen, then removing its spleen. Individual B cells producing mouse antibodies specific for the antigen are isolated from the spleen, then fused with cancer cells. Each of the resulting hybrid cells can be cloned, which means it can be cultured indefinitely in the laboratory. The resulting cell lines produce and secrete antibodies that recognize the antigen to which the mouse was immunized. These antibodies are called monoclonal antibodies. Some monoclonal antibodies are used for passive immunization. They are effective, but only in the immediate term. Antibodies that are produced by one’s own immune system can last up to about six months in the bloodstream, but those delivered in passive immunization often last for less than a week. Why the difference?

According to the histone-code hypothesis, what is one way that cell specialization occurs? a) Differential DNA methylation patterns b) Variation in enhancers in different cells c) TFII transcription factors binding to different histones in a cell-specific manner d) Differential expression of histone modifying enzymes e) Different histones are expressed in different cells

A) Distinguish between the general concept of a gene and the specific concept of an allele at the level of the DNA. B) Strictly speaking, do identical twins have identical phenotypes? Explain.

Consider two different genes that are highly expressed in the tissue of your spleen (but not expressed in any other tissue in your body). Which of the following describes something that these two different genes have in common? A) Both of these genes must have the same set of control element sequences associated with them. B) Both of these genes must be present in spleen cells, but absent from the cells in the rest of your body. C) Both of these genes must be located on the same chromosome. D) Both of these genes must be the same length. .

All of the following are involved in transcription excepta) polymerase.          b) primer.            c) promoter.d) sigma factor.        e) uracil.

At the beginning of the 20th century, scientists argued whether DNA or protein would be the element of "inheritance?" a) Which molecule did they think would carry all the genetic information and why? b) Describe the contribution of Griffith, Avery et al., Hershey & Chase, and Watson and Crick in the field of genetics. Edit View Insert Format Tools Table 12pt v Paragraph v BI BIUA ev T v 目、 总 ..