26. What is the correct flow of electrons from H2O through NAPDH?

One step of the cycle that incorporates CO2 into glyceraldehyde in plants is the production of two 3-phosphoglycerates. ΔG = -3.5 kJ/mol for thisreaction. Is this process endergonic or exergonic?

What two purposes does the conversion of CO2 to HCO3- serve?

27. Glycolysis and the citric acid cycle comprise two different sets of oxidation reactions. The reaction sequence for glycolysis is linear, whereas the reaction sequence for the citric acid cycle forms a circle. How does this difference in the arrangement of reactions influence the rate of these processes when an excess amount of a single intermediate is added?

Why is the P/O ratio for NADH not a whole number?

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15.13) The NADH that is produced by glycolysis is not able to pass through the inner mitochondrial membrane to enter the matrix region and undergo oxidative phosphorylation. Name the two processes in which the energy from NADH made in glycolysis can enter the mitochondrial matrix. ANSWER: 1) malate-aspartate shuttle 2) glycerol 3-phosphate shuttle EXPLANATION: Oxidative phosphorylation requires that NADH be located within the mitochondrial matrix. Since pyruvate oxidation/decarboxylation and the reactions of the citric acid cycle occur in the mitochondrial matrix, the NADH created in those processes can immediately undergo oxidative phosphorylation. The NADH that is produced by glycolysis is able to pass through the outer mitochondrial membrane and enter the intermembrane space; however, it is not able to pass through the inner mitochondrial membrane to enter the matrix region. In order for the energy from this NADH to be utilized, it must be processed through "NADH shuttles." The two…

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31. Name one intermediate of the Krebs cycle that cannot be added or removed by other metabolic pathways.

Why is the P/O ratio for NADH not a whole number?