26. What is the correct flow of electrons from H2O through NAPDH?

Q: Why does biological Fe2+ oxidation under oxic conditions occurmainly at acidic pH?

A: Oxic condition refers to the process or environment in which oxygen is involved.

Q: 5.4 How does glycogen breakdown contribute to energy homeostasis in the body? What are the key…

A: Glycogen is a complex carbohydrate that is the predominant form of glucose storage in both animals…

Q: What direct negative impact does hypoxia have on neurons? O Creates an anaerobic metabolic state…

A: Hypoxia       A condition in which there is not enough oxygen available in the cells and tissues of…

Q: Amytal is a barbiturate sedative that inhibits electron flow through Complex I. How would the…

A: Glucose is catabolized to form pyruvate via glycolysis. Pyruvate is decarboxylated to form…

Q: Starting with citrate formed immediately after reaction of [2-14c]acetyl-SCOA with OAA, 1. (a)…

A: 2-14C glucose is converted to carbonyl-labeled acetyl CoA. This carbon becomes C5 of α-ketoglutarate…

Q: Compound X is an inhibitor in respiratory electron transfer. It binds to the Fe3+ of Complex IV…

A: Complex IV is the terminal electron acceptor in the electron transport chain (ETC). ETC is an…

Q: 6) a) Why is ATP a "high-energy" compound? (think the ATP structure) b) What are the metabolic roles…

A: ATP is composed of adenine (Base), ribose, and three phosphates. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide…

Q: What Is the P/O Ratio for Mitochondrial OxidativePhosphorylation?

A: Oxidative phosphorylation is the process of transfer of electrons from NADH or FADH2 to molecular…

Q: 13. Describe how glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation connect to many…

A: The catabolism of glucose and other hexose sugars involves the glycolytic pathway, followed by the…

Q: Glucose is completely metabolized to six molecules of CO 2. What specifi c reactions generate each…

A: The enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase is responsible for the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA…

Q: How many ATP’s are formed in the process phosphoglyceraldehyde also known as PGAL?

A: Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate is often abbreviated as PGAL, GAP etc. It is an intermediate of the…

Q: Outline a metabolic pathway for the metabolism of two aspartic acids to CO2 and Urea. What is the…

A: The urea cycle is a series of biochemical processes that results in the formation of urea  from…

Q: In generating CO2, how can the citric acid cycle discriminate between the carbons in citrate given…

A: In the first phase of the cycle, acetyl CoA combines with oxaloacetate, a four-carbon acceptor…

Q: P12.1: The enzyme ribulose-5-phosphate isomerase (EC 5.3.1.6), which is active in both the Calvin…

A: Ribulose-5-phosphate isomerase or Ribose-5-phosphate isomerase (Rpi) encoded by RpiA gene is an…

Q: What are the final energetic products of each round of the Krebs cycle? Where is most part of the…

A: Cellular respiration is the process by which the cells take the nutrients in the food and transform…

Q: Explain why the use of the ATP analog below in the reaction catalyzed by pyruvate carboxylase might…

A: Chemical energy is transported and stored by ATP inside the cells. When the groups of phosphates…

Q: How can Fe2+ be oxidized under anoxic conditions?

A: Anoxygenic phototropic bacteria uses ferrous iron as electron donor photosynthesis.

Q: Glucolate is oxidized into Glvoxylate by cytechrome C using the glycolate oxidase enzyme. The two…

A: Glycolate oxidase is a key enzyme involved in the conversion of glycolate to glyoxylate during…

Q: 24.92 How is pyruvate metabolized in red blood cells, which contain no mitochondria?

A: The main source of carbohydrate is glucose in the body and its metabolism is called glycolysis. The…

Q: Why doesn't the net reaction for the citric acid cycle have intermediates (citrate, isocitrate,…

A: The acetyl CoA molecules produced through carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism undergo…

Q: What are the two most common inhibitors of stepsof the citric acid cycle and the reaction catalyzed…

A: The citric acid cycle that takes place in the mitochondrial matrix is the second step of aerobic…

Q: With H2 as electron donor, why is reduction of Fe3+ a morefavorable reaction than reduction of…

A: Step 1 In anaerobic respiration, a molecule other than oxygen is utilised as the terminal electron…

Q: 15.12) Determine whether each of the following metabolic processes occurs in the cytoplasm (outside…

A: Respiration is the process of the breakdown of food components inside the cell to synthesize ATP.…

Q: With appropriate chemical reactions and with all the catalysts involved explain the differences…

A: There are many organic molecules are synthesized by animals and plants. Certain organic compounds…

Q: 135.) In the citric acid cycle, oxidoreductases are reversible. A) 0 of 4 B) 1 of 4 C) 2 of 4 D) 2…

A: The citric acid cycle oxidizes the acetyl Co-A into the carbon dioxide in the mitochondria. The…

Q: 4. Describe the role of His in the catalytic mechanism shown.

A: Enzymes are highly specialized proteins that have extraordinary catalytic power, greater than that…

Q: How many moles of ATP are produced by one cycle of β oxidation?

A: β Oxidation : It is a metabolic process involving multiple steps by which fatty acid molecules are…

Q: Determine whether each reaction represents a reduction or oxidation of the reactant or if its…

A: Loss and Gain of Oxygen:Originally, oxidation referred to the addition of oxygen to a substance,…

Q: How much ATP would be generated by having one molecule of oxaloacetate being completely oxidized to…

A: In glycolysis, a 6-carbon molecule of glucose-6-phosphate is broken down into 3-carbon pyruvate by…

Q: Describe how a) Mean Arterial Pressure, b) Maximal Oxygen Consumption, and c) Blood Flow are…

A: The human body is complex and it requires the coordinated action of many systems. The circulatory…

Nitrogen metabolism

Nitrogen metabolism is the synthesis, utilization or uptake, breakdown, and excretion of nitrogenous compounds in the body. The nitrogen metabolism encompasses nitrogen fixation, biosynthesis, and the breakdown of amino acids, purines, and pyrimidine. Since nitrogen-containing compounds are required for various life processes, nitrogen is an important element of life.