15.13) The NADH that is produced by glycolysis is not able to pass through the inner mitochondrial membrane to enter the matrixregion and undergo oxidative phosphorylation. Name the two processes in which the energy from NADH made inglycolysis can enter the mitochondrial matrix.ANSWER:1) malate-aspartate shuttle2) glycerol 3-phosphate shuttleEXPLANATION:Oxidative phosphorylation requires that NADH be located within the mitochondrial matrix. Since pyruvateoxidation/decarboxylation and the reactions of the citric acid cycle occur in the mitochondrial matrix, the NADH created inthose processes can immediately undergo oxidative phosphorylation. The NADH that is produced by glycolysis is able topass through the outer mitochondrial membrane and enter the intermembrane space; however, it is not able to pass throughthe inner mitochondrial membrane to enter the matrix region. In order for the energy from this NADH to be utilized, it mustbe processed through "NADH shuttles."The two most important NADH shuttles are the malate-aspartate shuttle and the glycerol 3-phosphate shuttle. Themalate-aspartate shuttle works by oxidizing the NADH produced by glycolysis to NAD+ in the intermembrane space, thentransferring the electrons through the inner mitochondrial matrix to an NAD+ that is already inside the matrix, therebyproducing an NADH that can undergo oxidative phosphorylation. In the glycerol 3-phosphate shuttle, NADH produced byglycolysis is oxidized in the intermembrane space by transferring electrons to an inner mitochondrial membrane-bound FAD,thereby producing an FADH₂ that can undergo oxidative phosphorylation.

Name: 15.13) The NADH that is produced by glycolysis is not able to pass th
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Description: 15.13) The NADH that is produced by glycolysis is not able to pass through the inner mitochondrial membrane to enter the matrixregion and undergo oxidative phosphorylation. Name the two processes in which the energy from NADH made inglycolysis can e