ENGR.ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
14th Edition
ISBN: 9780190931919
Author: NEWNAN
Publisher: Oxford University Press
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7. Determinants of short-run aggregate supply
The following graph shows a decrease in short-run aggregate supply (AS) in a hypothetical economy where the currency is the dollar. Specifically, the short-run aggregate supply curve shifts to the left from AS1AS1 to AS2AS2, causing the quantity of output supplied at a price level of 100 to fall from $200 billion to $150 billion.
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- 6. Determinants of short-run aggregate supply The following graph shows an increase in short-run aggregate supply (AS) in a hypothetical economy where the currency is the dollar. Specifically, the short-run aggregate supply curve shifts to the right from AS1 to AS2, causing the quantity of output supplied at a price level of 100 to rise from $200 billion to $250 billion. 175 AS₁ 150 AS₂ 125 100 4 75 50 25 50 100 150 200 PRICE LEVEL 200 0 0 250 QUANTITY OF OUTPUT 300 350 400 ? The following table lists several determinants of short-run aggregate supply. Inflation expectations Tax rates Technology Fill in the table by indicating the changes in the determinants necessary to increase short-run aggregate supply. Change Needed to Increase ASarrow_forwardQUESTION 17 Suppose the aggregate demand and short-run aggregate supply schedules for an economy whose potential output equals $2,700 are given by the table: Aggregate Quantity of Goods and Services Price Level Demanded Supplied 0.50 $3,500 $1,000 0.75 3,000 2,000 1.00 2,500 2,500 1.25 2,000 2,700 1.50 1,500 2,800 What is the size of the recessionary gap?arrow_forward6. Why the aggregate supply curve slopes upward in the short run In the short run, the quantity of output that firms supply can deviate from the natural level of output if the actual price level in the economy deviates from the expected price level. Several theories explain how this might happen. For example, the sticky-price theory asserts that the output prices of some goods and services adjust slowly to changes in the price level. Suppose firms announce the prices for their products in advance, based on an expected price level of 100 for the coming year. Many of the firms sell their goods through catalogs and face high costs of reprinting if they change prices. The actual price level turns out to be 90. Faced with high menu costs, the firms that rely on catalog sales choose not to adjust their prices. Sales from catalogs will v , and firms that rely on catalogs will respond by v the quantity of output they supply. If enough firms face high costs of adjusting prices, the unexpected…arrow_forward
- 8. Economic fluctuations I The following graph shows the economy in long-run equilibrium at the expected price level of 120 and the natural level of output of $600 billion. Suppose the government increases spending on building and repairing highways, bridges, and ports. Shift the short-run aggregate supply (AS) curve or the aggregate demand (AD) curve to show the short-run impact of the increase in government spending. 240 AS 200 AD 160 AS 120 80 AD 40 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 OUTPUT (Billions of dollars) In the short run, the increase in government spending on infrastructure causes the price level to the price level people expected and the quantity of output to the natural level of output. The increase in government spending will cause the unemployment rate to the natural rate of unemployment in the short run. Again, the following graph shows the economy in long-run equilibrium at the expected price level of 120 and the natural level of output of $600 billion, before the increase in…arrow_forward7. The long-run aggregate supply curve and short-run adjustments Suppose an economy's short-run aggregate supply curve (SRAS), current equilibrium aggregate price level (P₁), and real GDP (Q1) are shown on the graph that follows. The economy currently has Natural Real GDP (QN) of $6 trillion. Use this information to place the orange long-run aggregate supply curve (LRAS, square symbols) in the correct position on the graph. 20 PRICE LEVEL 0 2 4 6 Q₁ REAL GDP (Trillions of dollars) 8 SRAS 10 LRASarrow_forwardBy using aggregate supply and demand curves to illustrate your points, discuss the impacts of the following events on the price level and on equilibrium GDP (Y) in the short run: a. A tax cut holding government purchases constant with the economy operating at near full capacity b. An increase in the money supply during a period of high unemployment and excess industrial capacity c. An increase in the price of oil caused by a war in the Middle East, assuming that the Central Bank attempts to keep interest rates constant by accommodating inflation d. An increase in taxes and a cut in government spending supported by a cooperative Fed acting to keep output from fallingarrow_forward
- 1-What is the general relationship between a country's price level and the quantitiy of it's domestic output (Real GDP) demanded? Who are the buyers of real US GDP? 2- what assumptions cause the immediate -short-run aggregate supply curve to be horizontal? why is the long-run aggregate supply curve vertical? Explain the shape of the short-run aggregate supply curve . Why is the short-run curve relatively flat to the left of the full employment output and relatively steep to the right ? 3- why does a reduction in aggregate demand tend to reduce real output, rather than the price level? 4- Explain" unemployment can be caused by a decrease of aggregate demand or a decrease of aggregate supply ."In each case , specify the price level outcomes . 5- In early 2001 investment spending declined in the USA. In the 2 months follwing september , 11 2001 attacks on the US, consumption also declined . Use Ad-AS analysis to show the two impacts on Real GDP. 6- Using the concept of the multiplier ,…arrow_forwardOnly typed answerarrow_forward3. Why the aggregate demand curve slopes downward The graph below shows the aggregate demand (AD) curve for a hypothetical economy. At point X, the quantity of output demanded is $500 billion, and the price level is 120. Moving up along the AD curve from point X to point Y, the quantity of output demanded falls to $300 billion, and the price level rises to 140. PRICE LEVEL 170 160 150 140 130 120 110 100 90 Y X AD (?arrow_forward
- 8. Economic fluctuations I The following graph shows the economy in long-run equilibrium at the expected price level of 120 and the natural level of output of $600 billion. Suppose a sudden and severe contraction in the housing market reduces the value of homes and causes consumers to spend less. Shift the short-run aggregate supply (AS) curve or the aggregate demand (AD) curve to show the short-run impact of the housing market slump. (2) 240 AS 200 AD 140 AS 120 80 AD 40 200 400 800 1000 1200 OUTPUT (BIlons of dollars) In the short run, the decrease in consumption spending associated with the housing market contraction causes the price level to * the price level people expected and the quantity of output to v the natural level of output. The housing market slump will cause the unemployment rate to the natural rate of unemployment in the short run. Again, the following graph shows the economy in long-run equilibrium at the expected price level of 120 and the natural level of output of…arrow_forward3. Explain whether each of the following events will increase, decrease, or have no effect on longrun aggregate supply in your country. a. There is an increase in immigration into your country. b. Your government introduces a minimum wage above the market-clearing wage rate. c. Intel invents a new and more powerful computer chip. d. A severe flood damages factories.arrow_forwardQ1. The following table shows the aggregate demand and short-run and long-run aggregate supply schedules for Japan. Price level 75 85 95 105 115 125 135 Real GDP demanded (trillions of 2005 yen) 600 550 500 450 400 350 300 Real GDP supplied in the short-run (trillions of 2005 yen) 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 Real GDP supplied in the long-run (trillions of 2005 yen) 1. What is the short-run equilibrium real GDP and price level? 2. What is the long-run equilibrium or real GDP and price level? 3. Does Japan have an inflationary gap or recessionary gap? How much? 4. Explain how the economy will adjust to restore the long-run equilibrium? 600 600 600 600 600 600 600arrow_forward
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