2. You sequence the integrase protein region of two HIV viruses to investigate their differences. Five of the codons in the gene are polymorphic and shown below for the first virus (top) and the second virus (bottom) CUA ACU AAU AGA GGU UUA ACC AAC AGC GGC What is the KA/KS or dN/dS ratio for these sequences? Does this tell you anything about recent selection pressure in the viral populations that these sequences came from?
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Below are questions 1 and 2. I only need help with question 2 please. question 1 is just there to help with question 2. please show work!
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- you want to design a vaccine that contains DNA that can fight against new variant (MU) of COVID-19 strain. You know that you can alter the information in DNA and can make a viral-vector based vaccine. What kind of virus you will use and why? not a writing assignment just few sentences2. Does SARS-CoV-2 conform to the central dogma of molecular biology that was coined by Francis Crick? 3. Retroviruses, like the HIV, contain an enzyme called reverse transcriptase. Explain the flow of genetic information in HIV. 4. COVID-19 vaccines such as Moderna (MRNA-1273) and Pfizer (BNT16262) make use of mRNA that produces SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Would the effectiveness of these vaccines be affected by the emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants with mutated spike protein?The following sequence contains the first couple codons from the Moderna vaccine mRNA. Below it are versions of the same sequence, but each of these contain a mutation. Match these mutated sequences with the correct mutation type a b C d Original sequence AUG UUC GUG UUC CUG GUG CUG CUG CCC CUG GTG AGC AGC CAG UGC GUG AAC CUG AUG UUC GUG UUC CUG GUG CUG CUG CCC CUG GTG AGC AGC UAG UGC GUG AAC CUG AUG UUC GUG UCC CUG GUG CUG CUG CCC CUG GTG AGC AGC CAG UGC GUG AAC CUG AUG UUC GUG UUC CUG GUG CUG CUG CCA CUG GTG AGC AGC CAG UGC GUG AAC CUG AUG UUC GUG UUC CUG GUG CUG CUG CCC CUG GTG AGC AGC CAG UGC AGU GAA CCU 1. Synonymous 2. Nonsense 3. Non synonymous 4, Frameshift
- computer applications can be used to translate viral genomic sequence just as you did manually, however computer applications cannot tell you the meaning or significance of mutation. based on your experience what might be a disadvantage in using computer applications to compare new strains of the virus that causes COVID19. please asap dont copy from any other site i already have that answerLab, you will need to design your own experiment that detects the nucleic acids from the given list of virus genes. This experiment's results could be used to identify the viruses present based on the genes and nucleic acids. Virus gene list • NP gene from different avian influenza virus (AIV) subtypes • H5 subtype of AIV • H7 subtype of AIV • H9 subtype of AIV Based on the above list of virus genes, design an experiment that will differentiate the genes based on the molecular weights of the different nucleic acids present. • What method will you use and why? • What specific % agarose will you use for this experiment? • How will the listed genes separate (which will be at the top and which at the bottom)? Include a drawing that shows the differentiated nucleic acid patterns you would expect to see as the results of your experiment. This pattern can be hand-drawn orYour friend hasn't been feeling well, and you think that she should get tested because it could be a virus or even multiple viruses! Nancy is conducting a qPCR experiment to detect how much of virus A, B, and/or C your friend is infected with. All three viruses contain RNA as their genetic material. Nancy takes a saliva sample and is excited to begin. However, it's her very first time conducting qPCR so a few mishaps occurred during this experiment. Unfortunately... ● Nancy forgets to reverse transcribe the RNA of virus A, and • The cDNA of virus C contains a mutation where the probe is designed to bind, and • Nancy uses the same color fluorescent dye for viruses B and C Fortunately, all the probes consisted of a fluorescent and quenching dye. Which qPCR graph is most representative of Nancy's experiment after several cycles of qPCR? Explain why the answer you chose is correct. A. (₁ Fluorescence B B # of Cycles A A # of Cycles с B. D. Fluorescence B # of Cycles B # of Cycles с
- 1. Pandoravirus salinus is virus that infects amoeba, is very large (1µm) and has a genome composed of double-stranded DNA that is 2.47 Mbp in size (247,000,000 bp). P. salinus has genes not typically associated with viruses, such as genes required for the synthesis of amino acids. In what ways might this force virologists to re-examine the definition of virus?1. Highlight the relationship of gpll, gpV and gpX with the rolling cycle replication pattern of M13. replication (bi-directional ori) host enzymes (+) infecting 8S. viral duplex DNA replicative form genome gene II nicks + gene II nicks completed + strand rolling circle strand replication circularization of completed + strand 00Please consider the figure attached i. The ordinate (i.e., 'y-axis') represents values for the C or G nucleotide base proportion in sequences (or, in this case, genomes).ii. Influenza viruses that infected birds or moved from birds to humans without spreading are characterised by higher A + U content relative to influenza viruses that infected humans for long time periods.iii. Influenza viruses adapted to human hosts are characterised by lower G + C content relative to influenza viruses that infected birds or moved from birds to humans without spreading. iv. Human and swine influenza A H1N1 strains evolved from a birdlike G + C state to a humanlike G + C state since 1918. v. Data such as those depicted in the figure have been interpreted as evidence that the 1918 influenza virus strain originated from a bird influenza virus population. Question 1 options: A) Statement ii conveys accurate information. B) Statements ii,…
- O O O A new virus is discovered. Its RNA genome encodes several proteins, including a reverse transcriptase enzyme. What can you conclude about replication of this virus? Its replication involves a double-stranded RNA intermediate Its replication involves a DNA copy of its genome Its replication depends entirely on cellular enzymes Its replication is entirely independent of cellular enzymes 00 A deficiency in Base Excision Repair (BER) would primarily sensitize you to mutations caused by radiation, X-rays O Chemicals in smoke, and UV radiation O Unavoidable, spontaneously occurring DNA damage1. "One structural form used in building virus particles is based on the icosahedron. Describe, either in words or in a diagram, the organization (number of capsomers, etc.) of the simplest virus particle of this form. 2. If a virus has a negative‐sense RNA genome, what enzymatic activity (if any) will be found as part of the virion, and what will be the first step in expression of the viral genome?"8. You infect E. coli cells with two strains of T4 virus. One strain is minute (m), rapid lysis (r) and turbid (t); the other is wild-type for all three markers. The lytic products of this dual infection are plated on a lawn of E. coli and the morphology of the plaques are classified. The resulting 10, 342 plaques were distributed among eight phenotypes, as follows: mrt 3467 +++ 3729 mr+ 853 m+t 162 m++ 520 +rt 474 +r+ 172 ++t 965 You decide to repeat the exact same experiment as outlined above and this time you count and classify 25, 000 plaques? How many plaques would you expect to be wild-type for all three markers? (Hint: You will need to calculate the expected DCO class for the cross above and apply that to your answer.)