2. During long-range atmospheric transport over distances on the order of 1000 km, SO₂ emitted from power plants is oxidized to sulfate (SO4) and both compounds undergo dry deposition to the surface. The conversion and removal processes can all be treated as first order, with the rate constant for conversion given as k12, and the rate constants for deposition given as kid and k2d for SO₂ and SO4, respectively. The reaction system is shown in the diagram below. Assume that the air parcel in which SO₂ to SO4 conversion occurs can be treated as a plug flow reactor with wind velocity u. SO₂ kıd K12 SO4²- k₂d (a) Write the mass balance equations (differential equations) for SO₂ and SO4². (b) Solve for the steady state concentrations of each as a function of distance and write expressions for each of these. (c) Determine the maximum SO4² concentration and the distance at which it occurs, given u = 15 km/h, kid = 0.025 h¹, k2d = 0.015 h¹ and k12 = 0.02 h¹, and that the initial SO42 concentration is negligible. Express the maximum as a ratio of SO42 to initial SO₂ concentration.
2. During long-range atmospheric transport over distances on the order of 1000 km, SO₂ emitted from power plants is oxidized to sulfate (SO4) and both compounds undergo dry deposition to the surface. The conversion and removal processes can all be treated as first order, with the rate constant for conversion given as k12, and the rate constants for deposition given as kid and k2d for SO₂ and SO4, respectively. The reaction system is shown in the diagram below. Assume that the air parcel in which SO₂ to SO4 conversion occurs can be treated as a plug flow reactor with wind velocity u. SO₂ kıd K12 SO4²- k₂d (a) Write the mass balance equations (differential equations) for SO₂ and SO4². (b) Solve for the steady state concentrations of each as a function of distance and write expressions for each of these. (c) Determine the maximum SO4² concentration and the distance at which it occurs, given u = 15 km/h, kid = 0.025 h¹, k2d = 0.015 h¹ and k12 = 0.02 h¹, and that the initial SO42 concentration is negligible. Express the maximum as a ratio of SO42 to initial SO₂ concentration.
Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics
8th Edition
ISBN:9781259696527
Author:J.M. Smith Termodinamica en ingenieria quimica, Hendrick C Van Ness, Michael Abbott, Mark Swihart
Publisher:J.M. Smith Termodinamica en ingenieria quimica, Hendrick C Van Ness, Michael Abbott, Mark Swihart
Chapter1: Introduction
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1.1P
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During long-range atmospheric transport over distances on the order of 1000 km, SO₂ emitted from power plants is oxidized to sulfate (SO) and both compounds undergo dry deposition to the surface. The conversion and removal processes can all be treated as first order, with the rate constant for conversion given as k, and the rate constants for deposition given as kand ka for SO₂ and SO, respectively. The reaction system is shown in the diagram below. Assume that the air parcel in which SO₂ to SO, conversion occurs can be treated as a plug flow reactor with wind velocity
Transcribed Image Text:2. During long-range atmospheric transport over distances on the order of 1000 km, SO2 emitted
from power plants is oxidized to sulfate (SO,?) and both compounds undergo dry deposition to
the surface. The conversion and removal processes can all be treated as first order, with the rate
constant for conversion given as k12, and the rate constants for deposition given as kia and k2a for
SO2 and SO,?, respectively. The reaction system is shown in the diagram below. Assume that
the air parcel in which SO2 to SO,² conversion occurs can be treated as a plug flow reactor with
wind velocity u.
k12
SO2
kļa
k2a
(a) Write the mass balance equations (differential equations) for SO2 and SO,2
(b) Solve for the steady state concentrations of each as a function of distance and write
expressions for each of these.
(c) Determine the maximum SO,²- concentration and the distance at which it occurs, given u = 15
km/h, kid= 0.025 h’', k2a = 0.015 h' and k12 = 0.02 h’', and that the initial SO, concentration is
negligible. Express the maximum as a ratio of SO,² to initial SO2 concentration.
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