2) In one of the most recent silicon industry achievements of 2021, a single transistor takes up a rectangular area on a microchip that measures 10[nm] bv 20[nm]. The early microchips in the 1970's had rectangular transistors that each measured approximately 20[um] by 40[um]. How manv of the new 2021 transistors could fit inside the same area of a single 1970 transistor? A) 400 B) 4000 C) 40,000 D) 400,000 É 4,000,000

Why does the horizontal Line in the graph in Figure 9.12 suddenly stop at the Fermi energy? Figure 9.12 (a) Density of state for a free electron gas; (b) probability that a state is occupied at T = 0 K; (c) density if occupied states at T = 0 k.

The collector current of a transistor is 3.4 A for a base current of 4.2 mA. What is the current gain?

In a physics lab, you measure the vibrational- rotational spectrum of HCl. The estimated separation between absorption peaks is f5.51011Hz . The central frequency of the band is f0=9.01013Hz . (a) What is the moment of inertia (I)? (b) What is the energy of vibration for the molecule?

The measured density of a NaF crystal is 2.558 g/cm3 . What is the equilibrium separate distance of Na+ and Flions?

Your roommate is having trouble understanding why solids form. He asks, Why would atoms bond into solids rather than just floating freely with respect to each other? To help him understand at least one type of bonding in solids, you decide to embark on an energy explanation. You show him a drawing of a primitive cell of a sodium chloride crystal, NaCl, or simple table salt. The drawing is shown in Figure P24.10, where the orange spheres are Na+ ions and the blue spheres are Cl ions. Each ion has a charge of magnitude equal to the elementary charge e. The ions lie on the comers of a cube of side d. You explain to your roommate that the electrical potential energy is defined as zero when all eight charges are infinitely far apart from each other. Then you bring them together to form the crystal structure shown. (a) Evaluate the electric potential energy of the crystal as shown and (b) show that it is energetically favorable for such crystals to form. Figure P24.10

Describe the difference between a face-centered cubic structure (FCC) and a body-centered cubic structure (BCC).

Determine the Fermi energy and temperature for copper at T = 0 K.

To obtain a more clearly defined picture of the FermiDirac distribution, consider a system of 20 FermiDirac particles sharing 94 units of energy. By drawing diagrams like Figure P10.11, show that there are nine different microstates. Using Equation 10.2, calculate and plot the average number of particles in each energy level from 0 to 14E. Locate the Fermi energy at 0 K on your plot from the fact that electrons at 0 K fill all the levels consecutively up to the Fermi energy. (At 0 K the system no longer has 94 units of energy, but has the minimum amount of 90E.) 1 Microstate8 others? One of the nine equally probable microstates for 20 FD particles with a total energy of 94E.

The NaCl crystal structure is FCC. The equilibrium spacing is r0=0.282nm. If each ion occupies a cubic 3 volume of r03 , estimate the distance between “nearest neighbor” Na+ ions (center-to-center)?