Physics for Scientists and Engineers, Technology Update (No access codes included)
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781305116399
Author: Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Publisher: Cengage Learning
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Related questions
Question
![**Text Transcription for Educational Website:**
In one of the most recent silicon industry achievements of 2021, a single transistor takes up a rectangular area on a microchip that measures 10 [nm] by 20 [nm]. The early microchips in the 1970's had rectangular transistors that each measured approximately 20 [μm] by 40 [μm]. How many of the new 2021 transistors could fit inside the same area of a single 1970 transistor?
A) 400
B) 4000
C) 40,000
D) 400,000
E) 4,000,000
**Explanation of Concepts:**
- **Transistor Size Comparison:** The problem compares the area occupied by transistors from two different eras, 2021 and the 1970s, by using their respective dimensions.
- **Measurement Units:**
- 2021 transistor dimensions: 10 nanometers (nm) by 20 nanometers (nm).
- 1970s transistor dimensions: 20 micrometers (μm) by 40 micrometers (μm).
- **Unit Conversion:** To accurately compare the transistor areas, it's essential to convert all measurements to the same units. Note: 1 micrometer (μm) = 1,000 nanometers (nm).
- **Area Calculation:**
- **2021 transistor area:** \(10 \, \text{nm} \times 20 \, \text{nm} = 200 \, \text{nm}^2\)
- **1970s transistor area:** After converting dimensions into nanometers, \( (20,000 \, \text{nm}) \times (40,000 \, \text{nm}) = 800,000,000 \, \text{nm}^2 \)
- **Comparison:**
- The number of 2021 transistors that fit into a 1970s transistor is calculated by dividing the 1970s transistor area by the 2021 transistor area:
\[
\frac{800,000,000 \, \text{nm}^2}{200 \, \text{nm}^2} = 4,000,000
\]
Thus, the answer is **E) 4,000,000**.](https://content.bartleby.com/qna-images/question/8b5d3f26-cda5-43e5-8223-bfa02258241c/cce708a3-fce8-404d-a517-d661ebd5e1d0/7a2zb3e_processed.jpeg)
Transcribed Image Text:**Text Transcription for Educational Website:**
In one of the most recent silicon industry achievements of 2021, a single transistor takes up a rectangular area on a microchip that measures 10 [nm] by 20 [nm]. The early microchips in the 1970's had rectangular transistors that each measured approximately 20 [μm] by 40 [μm]. How many of the new 2021 transistors could fit inside the same area of a single 1970 transistor?
A) 400
B) 4000
C) 40,000
D) 400,000
E) 4,000,000
**Explanation of Concepts:**
- **Transistor Size Comparison:** The problem compares the area occupied by transistors from two different eras, 2021 and the 1970s, by using their respective dimensions.
- **Measurement Units:**
- 2021 transistor dimensions: 10 nanometers (nm) by 20 nanometers (nm).
- 1970s transistor dimensions: 20 micrometers (μm) by 40 micrometers (μm).
- **Unit Conversion:** To accurately compare the transistor areas, it's essential to convert all measurements to the same units. Note: 1 micrometer (μm) = 1,000 nanometers (nm).
- **Area Calculation:**
- **2021 transistor area:** \(10 \, \text{nm} \times 20 \, \text{nm} = 200 \, \text{nm}^2\)
- **1970s transistor area:** After converting dimensions into nanometers, \( (20,000 \, \text{nm}) \times (40,000 \, \text{nm}) = 800,000,000 \, \text{nm}^2 \)
- **Comparison:**
- The number of 2021 transistors that fit into a 1970s transistor is calculated by dividing the 1970s transistor area by the 2021 transistor area:
\[
\frac{800,000,000 \, \text{nm}^2}{200 \, \text{nm}^2} = 4,000,000
\]
Thus, the answer is **E) 4,000,000**.
Expert Solution
arrow_forward
Step 1
To solve the given question, we will find the area of each transistor in each case and then we will compare.
Step by stepSolved in 2 steps
Knowledge Booster
Similar questions
- A Pentium IV microchip has dimensions of 217 mm x 217 mm. Suppose each transistor on the chip is made up of a 10 x10 square of atoms (that is 100 atoms per transistor). How many transistors could fit on the Pentium IV chip if the spacing between the silicon atoms is 0.54 nm?arrow_forwardQuestion 1 (a) Semiconductors are materials which have a conductivity between conductors. Based on your knowledge, describe at least three particles that make up the atom and briefly describe the difference between n-type and p-type semiconductor materials. Classify the three particles that make up the atom and briefly describe the difference between n-type and p-type semiconductor materials. (b) Figure 1 shows a basic diode with p-type and n-type semiconductors with complete Voltage Bias. Identify the depletion region when the diode is conducted in reverse bias. With the aid of suitable diagram, briefly explain the region occur when the 5 V supply voltage is аpplied. p region n region VBIAS Figure 1 (c) Figure 2 shows the class of materials based on relative comparisons. Based on Figure 2 description, identify the materials that affected the conduction and valence band. As an engineer, explain the consequences if the atomic number of a neutral atom is 8, and the maximum number of…arrow_forwardQuestion A9 If a semiconductor is placed in a homogenous electric field pointing in the positive x direction, in which direction will the following quasiparticles travel? a) Electrons at the bottom of the conduction band b) Electrons at the top of the valence band c) Holes at the top of the valence band =arrow_forward
- Transistors have replaced vacuum tubes in almost all electronic devices. Which of the following is NOT an advantage that transistors have over vacuum tubes? Transistors are more reliable than vacuum tubes. Transistors are smaller than vacuum tubes. Vacuum tubes have to 'warm up' for a while before they will work, while transistors work instantly. O Transistors are more resistant to radiation than vacuum tubes.arrow_forwardQ2. Transistors are manufactured by doping semiconductors. The diffusion coefficient of phosphorus in Si is D = 6.5 x 10-11 mm2/s at a temperature of 950°C. Assume the source provides a surface concentration of 1020 atoms/cm3 and the diffusion time is one hour. Assume that the silicon wafer initially contains no phosphorus. Calculate the depth at which the concentration of phosphorus will be 1018 atoms/cm3.arrow_forwardComputers and servers consist of a large number of components that are semiconductors. Why is it essential that these components be cooled to maintain optimal performance? A. Semiconductors have varying resistance depending on the temperature B Semiconductors operate in high current circuits that would heat the room to uncomfortable lev els in a short amount of time C Semiconductors are always so small that any heat would quickly melt the wire attached to it D It is not necessary to cool semiconductors they work well at all temperaturearrow_forward
- Can you please solve it?arrow_forwardquestion 8arrow_forwarda. We discussed in class the "two conditions" that allow current to flow through a MOSFET, and "two conditions" that would not allow current to flow. Write down what these conditions are: b. Consider a n-channel MOSFET and a p-channel MOSFET. How would you connect these two transistors in order to create a basic CMOS Inverter, as discussed in class. c. Now consider a floating gate, containing electrons. Use Gauss' Law to explain whether or not inversion can occur in the channel if a positive gate voltage were to be applied d. Depending on whether or not current flows through the channel, what does this tell you about whether or not you have stored a "0" or a “1”? e. Use principles of Coulomb's Law to explain how you would remove electrons from the floating gate (i.e. to "flash" your flash memory device)arrow_forward
- A student sets up a circuit as below to gather data for characterizing a diode:arrow_forwardThe number density of conduction electrons in a metal can be found from the density ρ of the metal, the mass per mole M of the metal, the number of conduction electrons per metal atom, and Avogadro’s number NA. If we assume one conduction electron per atom, which of the following gives the number density of conduction electrons for a given metal? a. NA ρM b.NA ρ/M c. NA M/ρ d. NA /ρMarrow_forwardQuestion 12 Which of the following shows how conductors, insulators, and semiconductors rank in order of least resistance to most resistance? A conductors, semiconductors, insulators semiconductors, conductors, insulators insulators, conductors, semiconductors conductors, insulators, semiconductors ©2021Illuminate Education TM, Inc.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Physics for Scientists and Engineers, Technology ...PhysicsISBN:9781305116399Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. JewettPublisher:Cengage Learning
Modern PhysicsPhysicsISBN:9781111794378Author:Raymond A. Serway, Clement J. Moses, Curt A. MoyerPublisher:Cengage Learning
University Physics Volume 3PhysicsISBN:9781938168185Author:William Moebs, Jeff SannyPublisher:OpenStax
Physics for Scientists and Engineers, Technology ...
Physics
ISBN:9781305116399
Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Modern Physics
Physics
ISBN:9781111794378
Author:Raymond A. Serway, Clement J. Moses, Curt A. Moyer
Publisher:Cengage Learning
University Physics Volume 3
Physics
ISBN:9781938168185
Author:William Moebs, Jeff Sanny
Publisher:OpenStax