17. Heterocyclic lipids found in the membranes of bacteria. The chemical structure is similar to thatof sterols such as cholesterol.20. Activity involving two or more microorganisms seeking the same niche or nutrients.M26. The addition of contaminated soil to agricultural soil with the purpose of soil microorganismsmineralizing the organic contaminant.M

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Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)

11th Edition

ISBN:9780134580999

Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...

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8. Explain why a sugar can form at least two different glycosides.
1. Use what you know about carbohydrates and lipids to group the following compounds: C12H22O11
1. Hypoxanthine is an unusual nitrogenous base that can be formed from adenosine; it is not normally found in nucleic acids. Hypoxanthine has a single ionizable group with a pKa of 8.7. If you dissolved hypoxanthine in an aqueous solution at pH 7.0, would this ionizable group be protonated or deprotonated?
9. Which of the following is a compound lipid?| ApoE Аров Аров ApoA ApoC Аров O lipoprotein inacar Ruie P han Cattyn Fre on Pap Cnoplaam glycolipid
9
27. Which correctly describes the furanose form of a monosaccharide? b) c) d) e) six-sided ring structure with five carbon atoms and one oxygen atom boat conformation of a monosaccharide, not the chair conformation linear structure of a monosaccharide, not the cyclic structure five-sided cyclic structure with four carbon atoms and one oxygen atom chemical derivatives of monosaccharides, such as amino sugars with an amino group attached In aqueous solution, monosaccharides such as glucose can exist as cyclic or linear structures. The percentage of monosaccharides that are in the cyclic form is: móre than 99 % b) 50 % 10 % d) 5% much less than 1% The monosaccharide structure shown here is: HOH,C он a) CH,OH но a-fructose b) c) d) e) B-ribose B-fructose a-galactose B-glucose HO Which of the molecules below is cellobiose, a breakdown product of cellulose? a) glucose-a-1,4-glucose glucose-a-1,2-fructose glucose-ß-1,4-glucose galactose-B-1,4-glucose glucose-a-1,6-glucose
3. In a solution of alanine molecules, approximately what fraction of the alanine will exist as the zwitterion at pH of 2.34? What would be the average net charge of a solution of alanine molecules at pH 2.34? 50% will exist as the zwitterion and 50% will exist as the fully protonated (COOH/ NH3+) form. The average net charge of this solution would be +0.5.
3
9. What is sphingosine? For lipids with a sphingosine backbone, to what carbons are the other functional groups attached? How many acyl tails attach to sphingosine to make a sphingolipid? 10. Compare and contrast the structure of sphingomyelins with glycerophopholipids. 11. Which of the following statements is true? Please briefly explain why the false statements are false. A. Phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin are evenly distributed at the two monolayers of plasma membrane. B. Phosphotidylserine is enriched at the inner leaflet of transport vesicles. C. In sphingolipids, the fatty acid tail is linked to its backbone via an ester bond. D. Common glycerophospholipids often carry positive charges at physiological pH. E. Lipases are enzymes that can cut structural lipids at different locations
Number 1
6. A control phospholipid membrane is isolated in which the phospholipid tails all have an 18-C chain length and are comprised of a 50:50 mixture of saturated and unsaturated tails. In addition, about 25% of the lipids are fluorescently labeled on the head groups. a) Draw a single plot of Fluidity vs. Temperature that contains the expected curves for: Control phospholipid (line- -) Control supplemented with 18-C saturated phospholipids (dashed line - Control supplemented with 16-C chain length (dotted line • • • • • • ) b) Draw a single plot of the Fluorescence Intensity vs. Time that contains the expected curves of a Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching (FRAP) using the same samples as in (a) above. The FRAP experiment is conducted at the same temperature for each sample (which is the Tm of the of the control phospholipid).
In the space below draw a dipeptide composed of lysine and glutamic acid bound together by peptide bond

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17. Heterocyclic lipids found in the membranes of bacteria. The chemical structure is similar to that of sterols such as cholesterol.