ENGR.ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
14th Edition
ISBN: 9780190931919
Author: NEWNAN
Publisher: Oxford University Press
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133.) Assume prices and wages are flexible. If the Federal reserve reduces the reserve requirement ratio
Aggregate demand will increase
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Output will decrease in the short run due to an increase in the money supply
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Output will increase in the short run due to a decrease in the money supply
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None of the above |
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- 13. (Question 6 on p.347) Explain the links between changes in the nation's money supply, the interest rate, investment spending, aggregate demand, and real GDP (and the price level). A change in the nation's money supply (achieved by changing reserves in the banking system) will cause an opposite change in the interest rate. A reduction in the money supply will make funds increasingly ( scarce, abundant ) and drive (up, down) their price (interest rate). The interest rate and investment spending are also ( directly, inversely) related. A rising interest rate will make some investments (capital spending projects) unprofitable, so spending on those will (increase, decline ). Investment spending is part of aggregate demand, so they will move together, as will real GDP. A decline in spending (AD) will (increase, reduce ) inflationary pressure (and will ( increase, reduce ) prices if they are downwardly flexible).arrow_forward8. Macroeconomic factors that influence interest rate levels Apart from risk components, several macroeconomic factors—such as Federal Reserve (the Fed) policy, federal budget deficit or surplus, international factors, and levels of business activity—influence interest rates. Based on your understanding of the impact of macroeconomic factors, identify which of the following statements are true or false: Statements True False When the Fed increases the money supply, short-term interest rates tend to decline. Actions that lower short-term interest rates will always lower long-term interest rates. Long-term interest rates are not as sensitive to booms and recessions as are short-term interest rates. The Federal Reserve’s ability to use monetary policy to control economic activity in the United States is limited because US interest rates are highly dependent on interest rates in other parts of the world.arrow_forwardWhat are the three instruments of monetary control? Explain. Why does the Federal Reserve prefer to use open market operations? Explain. How can the Federal Reserve use its open market operations to expand or contract the nation’s money and credit supply? Explain in some detail. Describe the workings of the Federal Open market Committee which controls monetary policy. Give a detailed account of how monetary policy works to change interest rates, aggregate demand, and the macroeconomy.arrow_forward
- 7)According to the Taylor rule, if inflation has risen by 4 percentage points above its target of 2 percent, the Fed should Group of answer choices grow the money supply at a rate of 6 percent per year. raise the real federal funds rate by 2 percentage points. raise the real federal funds rate by 3 percentage points. raise the real federal funds rate by 6 percentage points.arrow_forward131.) Assume prices and wages are flexible. That is, they will change substantially in the short-run. What will happen to prices and output, respectively, in the short-run if the central bank increases the required reserve to deposit ratio? decrease, decrease decrease, unchanged unchanged, decrease unchanged, increasearrow_forward2. Critical analysis Q8 Indicate how each action in the following table would affect the money supply. Action Increase Money Supply Decrease Money Supply A purchase by the Fed of $100 million in U.S. securities from a commercial bank A sale by the Fed of $200 million in U.S. securities to a private investorarrow_forward
- (Figure: A Money Market) The accompanying figure Equilibrium in the Money Market shows the money market in equilibrium at an interest rate of r2. Holding the money supply constant, which of the following might cause the interest rate in the market to decrease to r1? A) The inflation rate falls to historically low levels. B) Higher payroll taxes cause employers to pay workers cash under the table. C) There is a significant increase in the stock market. D) A recession decreases real GDP.arrow_forward2. Problems and Applications Q2 If the Fed wants to increase the money supply, it can If the Fed wants to decrease the money supply, it can If the Fed wants to increase the money supply, it can bonds in open-market operations. the reserve requirement. the interest rate it pays on reserves. When the FOMC decreases its target for the federal funds rate, the money supply will If people decide to hold less currency after a rash of pickpocketing, the money supplyarrow_forward8. Macroeconomic factors that influence interest rate levels Apart from risk components, several macroeconomic factors-such as Federal Reserve (the Fed) policy, federal budget deficit or surplus, international factors, and levels of business activity-influence interest rates. Based on your understanding of the impact of macroeconomic factors, identify which of the following statements are true or false: Statements When the Fed increases the money supply, short-term interest rates tend to decline. If the Fed injects a huge amount of money into the markets, inflation is expected to decline, and long-term interest rates are expected to rise. During recessions, short-term interest rates decline more sharply than long-term interest rates. When the economy is weakening, the Fed is likely to decrease short-term interest rates. True False O O O O O Oarrow_forward
- d) Suppose the money demand function was of the following form: M^d / P = Y η What must the central bank do to achieve an inflation target of 2% over the long-run given a growth rate of income of 5% and an elasticity of money demand with respect to income of 0.8? You can assume that the real rate of interest, r, is fixed at 6%.arrow_forward13. Which of the following is considered to be a relatively weak tool of monetary policy? * reserve requirements reducing the money supply altering the discount rate quantitative easing TOSHIBAarrow_forward10. According to the European Central Bank website, the treaty establishing the European Community "makes clear that ensuring price stability is the most important contribution that monetary policy can make to achieve a favourable economic environment and a high level of employment." If price stability is the only goal of monetary policy, explain how monetary policy would be conducted during recessions. Analyze both the case of a recession that is the result of a demand shock and the case of a recession that is the result of a supply shock.arrow_forward
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