10.18 Draw the stack of activation records for the following Ada program (a) after the first call to procedure b; (b) after the second call to procedure b. Show the control links and the access links for each activation record. (c) Indicate how b is found in procedure c. procedure env is procedure a is procedure b is procedure cis begin b; end c; begin c; end b; begin b; end a; begin a; end env;
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- [CASE 1] A mini mart needs to computerize the items that they are selling. The items in the mini mart consists of Item Codes, Description, Quantity and Price. Write a program using C programming to store the items in a single linked list, ordered based on the Item Code. The system should be menu driven, where the main menu is as follows: * * * ** MAIN MENU *** 1: Add Items 2: Display Items 3: Edit Ite們s 4: Delete Items 5: EXIT Enter your option Option 1: Adding the items into the linked list. Note that when adding new items, you must check at which position that the items need to be inserted. The resulting list should always be in sorting order by Item number. Option 2: Display all items in the list, Option 3: Given an item code, find the items in the list. If found, then edit the data. If the item is not found, then write a message that the item doesn't exists. Option 4: Delete one item from given item code, find the items in the list. If found, then delete the data. If the item is…It is possible to demonstrate the return address of a function by using a series of instructions. Keep in mind that any modifications to the stack must not prohibit the process from returning control to the person who called it.Why must a library interface file's inclusion guard symbol or name be distinct? To demonstrate what happens when two libraries #included in the same program share the same symbol, utilize the proof by contradiction technique.
- Programming Language Pragmatics, 4th EditionWrite C++ statements for the following tasks: i. Create X point to the link(node) that stores data 21.ii. Create list point to the link containing data14.iii. Create Y point to the last link in the list.iv. Create list point to an empty list.v. Set the value of the link containing 23 to 33.vi. Create and insert the link with data 8 after the link pointed to by X.vii. Delete the link with data 21. Also, deallocate the memory occupied by this link.5. The creeping problem occurs when a queue is implemented as an array. (a) Define the creeping problem. (b) Describe how to implement a queue as an array in order to avoid the creeping problem. (c) Write the C++ method Join for the new type of Queue described in (b) above.
- Answer the following questions about activation records (stack frames). i. What information do activation records (stack frames) typically contain? ii. Suppose that the program only contains two functions f and g. Can we use only one activation record for each of f and g? Why?C++ Can someone answer the following code below in C++: Please add to the project a print statement that says how long each version ran in milliseconds please! Version 1 of the process creation hierarchy uses linked lists to keep track of child processes as described in section "The process control block", subsection "The PCB data structure". For the purposes of performance evaluation, the PCBs are simplified as follows: All PCBs are implemented as an array of size n. Each process is referred to by the PCB index, 0 through n-1. Each PCB is a structure consisting of only the two fields: parent: a PCB index corresponding to the process's creator children: a pointer to a linked list, where each list element contains the PCB index of one child process The necessary functions are simplified as follows: create(p) represents the create function executed by process PCB[p]. The function creates a new child process PCB[q] of process PCB[p] by performing the following tasks: allocate a…Select the statements that apply to the use of the frame pointer. EBP is often called the base pointer or frame pointer because it holds the base address of the stack frame. EBP does not changes value during the procedure. EBP need not be restored to its original value when a procedure returns. A procedure can explicitly access stack parameters using constant offsets from EBP.
- A linked list is developed with the following set of nodes in sequence: 25, 40, 66, 38 and 53. The list first node is referred by First reference variable. The second node is referred by P reference variable while the second last node is referred by Q reference variable. Compose Java statements for the following operations: a) Replace the third node value to 55 using all possible reference variables. b) Delete the last node using the shortest path of reference variable. Then deallocate the memory. Shows all steps involved. c) Insert new node with value 99. Make the new node as third node in the list. Shows all steps involved. d) Destroy the linked list.C++ question 1.) Write an iterative routine that will take a string, go through each character of the string and enqueue the character if it is a punctuation (.,?!), else toss the character. When end of string is reached, then dequeue the characters, count how many punctuations are there, then print the count. 2.) Write a routine that would receive a pointer to the top of the linked list that has an integer for each node. Change all odd integers to even by adding one. But count the numbers you changed and print the count.Practice 1.11 Insert all natural numbers from 1 to N in a queue data structure in C++ STL. Then print all the elements of the queue in the output. The value of N should be taken input from the user.