10.18 Draw the stack of activation records for the following Ada program (a) after the first call to procedure b; (b) after the second call to procedure b. Show the control links and the access links for each activation record. (c) Indicate how b is found in procedure c. procedure env is procedure a is procedure b is procedure cis begin b; end c; begin c; end b; begin b; end a; begin a; end env;

Why must the symbol/name used in C++'s  inclusion guard on a library interface file be unique? (Hint: A good technique to use here is proof by contradiction -- assume that the symbol needn't be unique and show what happens when two libraries to be #include'd in the same program share the same symbol.)

2. Write about reader process in mutual exclusion with help of an example program.

14) Write a program to implement the box-stacking process illustrated in the figure below. This application requires the control of a conveyor belt that feeds a mechanical stacker. The stacker can stack various numbers of cartons of ceiling tile onto each pallet (depending on the pallet size and the preset value of the counter). When the required number of cartons has been stacked, the conveyor is stopped until the loaded pallet is removed and an empty pallet is placed onto the loading area. A photoelectric sensor will be used to provide count pulses to the counter after each carton passes by. In addition to a conveyor motor start/stop station, a remote reset button is provided to allow the operator to reset the system from the forklift after an empty pallet is placed onto the loading area. The operation of this system can be summarized as follows: • The conveyor is started by pressing the start button. • As each box passes the photoelectric sensor, a count is registered. • When the…

Why does the C++ inclusion guard on a library interface file need a unique symbol or name? Assume that the symbol does not need to be unique and then show what happens when two libraries that are to be #included in the same application both use the same symbol. This is an example of proof by contradiction.

Why must the symbol or name in the C++ inclusion guard on a library interface file be unique? In this case, proof by contradiction may be used to postulate that the symbol does not need to be unique and show what occurs when two libraries to be #included in the same application share the same symbol. Example: the programme.

Solve in C++ using the given code and avoid using vectors

Why must the symbol or name used in the C++ inclusion guard on a library interface file be unique? In this scenario, proof by contradiction is useful—presume that the symbol does not need to be unique and show what happens when two libraries to be #included in the same application share the same symbol?

Instruction: Answer question 4 (a,b & c) only (1) Create a C++ project for your assignment 3, with the name format prescribed in the Information section. Add a source file and name it SwapCount. In this file, write the C++ program that will perform the tasks specified in question 2.(2) Declare and implement a function called sortSwapCount that passes three parameters, the array, the size and the reference of proportion, and returns the count. The functiondeclaration is int sortSwapCount(int data[], int size, double& proportion) (i) The function sorts the integers in data[] in ascending order using the bubble sort method. The purpose is to count or determine the number of exchanges (swaps) made by the bubble sort algorithm.  (ii) The expected number of sorting swaps (expectedSwapCount) is size * (size - 1) if the array was unsorted. Calculate the proportion of the array status by first converting (or casting) the integers, swapCount and expectedSwapCount into floating-point,…

Answer the following questions about activation records (stack frames). i. What information do activation records (stack frames) typically contain? ii. Suppose that the program only contains two functions f and g. Can we use only one activation record for each of f and g? Why?