1. How important is cell adhesion for the development of mammalian embryo? 2. What is the role of E-Cadherin in activating cell adhesion? 3. What are the emerging technologies for studying cell adhesion?
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1. How important is cell adhesion for the development of mammalian embryo?
2. What is the role of E-Cadherin in activating cell adhesion?
3. What are the emerging technologies for studying cell adhesion?
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- What are some of the ethical issues that arise from using embryonic stem cells?(b) To avoid these issues, scientists use IPSCs. What are the pros and cons to using iPSCs inrelation to embryonic stem cells?I am confused about how stem cell transplants works. If you put a semi differentiated tadpole nucleus in a denucleated egg cell, it’ll develop into a fully formed tadpole, but if you put a fully differentiated tadpole nucleus, it won’t (because the genes have already been expressed in a way where the cytoplasmic determinants cannot operate to the fullest). Then how come in stem cell transplants, you use adult nucleuses that are already developed and transplant them into the denucleated egg cells?7. Researchers obtain a pure solution of antibodies that bind specifically to the cadherins (linking proteins) of the desmosomes of epithelial cells of a mouse. They then take a culture of these cells, divide it into separate control and experimental tubes, and add antibodies to the experimental tube and an equal volume of water to the control tube. What is the predicted outcome of this experiment? A. Cells in the experimental tube will adhere to each other, but cells in the control tube will not B. Cells in both tubes will adhere to each other C. Cells in neither tube will adhere to each other D. Cells in the control tube will adhere to each other, but cells in the experimental tube will not
- 28. How do regulatory gradients produce many different patterns of gene expression? 29. What would be the outcome of cells losing Notch receptor function? 30. Compare the 3 types of stem cells from Slide 19.5. List in the correct order the series of cytoskeletal events that occurs in a newly fertilized egg of the nematode worm C. elegans. Assume that the paternal sperm nucleus has just entered a symmetrical egg cell. Your response should be a five-letter string composed of letters that correspond to individual events, e.g., ABCD. (A) Asymmetric localization of PAR proteins (B) Sperm centrosome nucleates a microtubule aster (C) Uneven first cell division along anterior-posterior axis (D) Loss of Rho activity decreases myosin II contractilityExplain why E is the correct choice. Various types of stem cells that develop from the mesoderm are involved in processes by which all cells of the protostomes and Deuterostomes obtain or regulate ions, molecules, or monomers (nutrients). Therefore, these cells will perform which of the following processes? a) Osmosis, b) active transport, c) facilitated diffusion, d) exocytosis, e) all are correct.
- Which of the following are stages in the cytokinesis of animal cells? Select all that apply. A) The cell plate expands along the plane of division, and when the plate fuses with the plasma membrane, the cytoplasm is partitioned into two new cells. B)After telophase, the contractile ring constricts the plasma membrane and forms a cleavage furrow. C)The contractile ring reaches its smallest diameter, and the spindle microtubules are cut as vesicles form the new membranes that separate the two new cells. D)A contractile ring of microfilaments and motor proteins forms under the plasma membrane during anaphase.Which of the following are stages in the cytokinesis of animal cells? Select all that apply. A) The cell plate expands along the plane of division, and when the plate fuses with the plasma membrane, the cytoplasm is partitioned into two new cells. B) After telophase, the contractile ring constricts the plasma membrane and forms a cleavage furrow. C) The contractile ring reaches its smallest diameter, and the spindle microtubules are cut as vesicles form the new membranes that separate the two new cells. D) A contractile ring of microfilaments and motor proteins forms under the plasma membrane during anaphase.Assessment questionWhich of the following correctly explains how gene expression can change in a differentiating cell in an animal embryo?A. DNA methylation triggered by apoptosis leads to suppression of some genes and expression of others.B. Presence of germ layers trigger hormonal release from endocrine glands, signaling to certain cells to express genes.C. Cell signals through plasmodesmata allow coordination of cellular activities and cell differentiation.D. Cues from the cytoplasm and from surrounding cells can induce changes in gene expression.
- What types of global regulatory mechanisms might a cell use to control the changes in gene expression that occur during attachment? How will the cell sense that it is attached and what ways does it have to turn genes on or off to take advantage of the situation? Give examples to illustrate your point.1. Which myosin type II property is most different from kinesin-1? A) myosin has two heads that can bind to cytoskeletal filamentsB) myosin is recruited into thick bipolar assembliesC) myosin hydrolyzes ATPD) myosin is an allosteric motor 2. If you were examining a newly available genome and your task was to identify the encoded family of kinesin motor proteins, what domain would be the most useful starting place for your analysis? A) Light chain #1 binding sitesB) Neck regionC) Cargo domainD) Motor domainE) Light chain #2 binding sites please explain5. This diagram illustrates regulation of the Pitx-1 gene, which is expressed in various cell types • during certain stages of animal embryonic development. Answer the questions that follow: Promoter Coding Region Pelvis Olfactory Jaw Regulatory Segments ("Switches") a. Which portion of this sequence gets transcribed and translated into a protein? b. Which portion of this sequence underwent a deletion mutation in certain species of freshwater stickleback fish? Did that mutation have an impact on the amino acid sequence of the protein, when it was expressed? С. d. If this switch underwent the same mutation in a turtle embryo, how would the turtle's phenotype be impacted? е. Would this phenotypic change in the turtle likely be adaptive? Briefly explain.