) Describe the role of the signal sequence and the signal recognition particle (SRP) in targeting and processing proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum. 2) What is the function of the trans-Golgi network?

Q: Based on studies, synaptotagmin is a crucial protein anchored to the vesicle and it is activated by…

A: Vesicular fusion and release of the vesicular content is very much important for the intracellular…

Q: For each of the following, describe the path the protein takes to its final destination in the cell.…

A: A traditional mammalian cell might also comprise several varieties of proteins and several…

Q: You have identified a protein that is sorted to the peroxisome. Next, the peroxisome targeting…

A: Proteins are important biomolecules that are required to carry out some key functions inside the…

Q: 14) Which of the following correctly ranks the steps in the secretory pathway? 1 Active PKA subunits…

A: This is the hormone induced activation of Adenylyl cyclase and PKA in a secretory pathway. Let's…

Q: What could be an example of in vitro experiment to identify cytoskeleton accessory proteins?

A: Cytoskeleton is the part of a cell which provides structural support to the cell and plays roles in…

Q: Unfolded Protein Response ...

A: Note: " As per the guidelines only one question is answered please ask other questions separately."…

Q: Briefly explain how the membrane composition of the Golgi apparatus but not that of the ER is…

A: The human body is composed of trillions of cells. The cells constitute to form the various organs…

Q: What is the molecular mechanism that retains SCAP–SREBP in the ER when cholesterol is present but…

A: The complex of SCAP and SREBPs migrates to the Golgi complex when "sterol levels decline not when…

Q: What is the advantage of using a TEM instead of an LM to study intracellular structure?

A: Transmission electron microscope (TEM) is used to form the image of specimen by transmission of a…

Q: Describe the synthesis of the c-Jun protein starting with the synthesis of the protein’s mRNA…

A: C-Jun protein : It is a protein that in human's encoded by the Jun-Gene and it is the combination…

Q: The mannose 6-phosphate (M6P) receptors are crucial for delivering lysosomal proteins to lysosomes,…

A: Vesicular transport is responsible for molecular traffic between specific membrane-enclosed…

Q: Explain through a schematic and write the type II protein insert in the ER membrane.

A: Integral membrane proteins which are found in membranes of ER, Golgi, mitochondria, and lysosome,…

Q: Discuss and draw the structural relationship between the nucleus, therough endoplasmic reticulum,…

A: Structural relationship between nucleus, rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and the Golgi apparatus…

Q: Each intracellular fusion of a vesicle with a membrane requires a SNARE protein on the vesicle…

A: SNARE protein functions to form vesicles with plasma membrane to form exocytosis. This is common in…

Q: What sort of analysis is used to determine the properties of the amino acids in an integral membrane…

A: Plasma membrane or plasmalemma is the outer membrane layer that surrounds the prokaryotic and…

Q: ccording to the “Hawaiian Punch" principle, different compartments of the ecretory and endocytic…

A: According to the "Hawaiin punch" principle, multiple secretory and endocytic compartment pathways…

Q: Describe the mechanism by which endoplasmic reticulum vesicles fuse with the Golgi apparatus, with…

A: Vesicular transport takes place with the fusion of a vesicle with its target membrane to form a…

Q: Hydrophobic signal molecules typically ...     a)  bind to receptor proteins in the cytosol.   b)…

A: Introduction :- Signal transduction is the process through which a cell receives signals from the…

Q: Cytochalasin, a substance known to block polymerization of actin, would be expected to .. a) inhibit…

A: Cytochalasins have been used extensively to study actin microfilaments. Cytochalasins can aid…

Q: Is adenylate cyclase a transmembrane protein or a peripheralprotein? What about the G protein?

A: Adenylate Cyclase is a transmembrane protein.

Q: The cis golgi compartment ______. Options: A)  is a convenient place to store tools in small…

A: The Golgi apparatus is an organelle present in most eukaryotic cells. It is made up of…

Q: Part 1 of 2: Starting from the mRNA that is produced and released into the cytosol, describe in…

A: Translation is the process in which the base sequence of mRNA is utilized to order and join the…

Q: What is the relationship between the Golgi apparatus and the ER in a protein-secreting cell?

A: A cell is the functional unit of life. It is a membrane-bound structure and consists of a cell…

Q: What type of plasma membrane protein provides the means for moving materials across the plasma…

A: The proteins of the membrane play important roles such as the membrane receptor proteins that relay…

Q: Describe the steps that occur during the cotranslational sorting ofproteins to the endoplasmic…

A: Translation of an ER signal sequence that binds to the Signal Recognition Particle specifies…

Q: 19. Which of the following statements is FALSE? A) Nucleotides and amino acids can act as…

A: Growth factors, hormones, cytokines, and neurotransmitters are examples of extracellular signaling…

Q: 1)Determine the way by which proteins function for transporting a material i a cell. 2) What roles…

A: Biological membranes are made up of a lipid bilayer with proteins contained in it. The cell…

Q: Having made it through Cell Molecular Biology this far, you are now an expert on cells and their…

A: Proteins are polymers made of amino acids as monomeric units. There are 20 different amino acids…

Q: What mechanistic features are shared by (a) the formation of multivesicular endosomes by budding…

A: Mature endosomes are also known as multivesicular bodies (MVBs) or multivesicular endosomes. Initial…

Q: What is the primary characteristic of peripheral membrane proteins? A: They cannot be…

A: Ans(D) : The primary characteristic of peripheral membrane proteins - (D)Weak intermolecular forces…

Q: In a rare condition in which the immediate release of neurotransmitter is affected, a mutation in…

A: Ans: Neurotransmitters are the chemical messanger that released at the nerve endings and diffuse the…

Q: protein

A: a ) the organic properties of a protein atom rely upon its actual collaboration with different…

Q: 8) Indicate which of the five major types of membrane protein (adhesion, enzymatic, recognition,…

A: 1st Ans:  Transmembrane protein

Q: I am studying pancreatic islet cells and have isolated, cloned, and sequenced a novel protein that…

A: A transmembrane refers to a protein or molecule that spans the cell membrane, extending from the…

Q: Genetic testing of a 29-month-old boy shows a mutation in the Phe residue at position 508 in the…

A: Cystic fibrosis is a fatal genetic disease which is caused due to defect in CF transmembrane…

Q: What molecule in the cell is the first to recognize the signal peptide as it is translated by the…

A: The signal peptides are small peptides which are present at N-terminus of the proteins.

Q: How are polyribosomes on theendoplasmic reticulum membranearranged so that the next…

A: Introduction :- The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a continuous membrane system in the cytoplasm of…

Q: What is the function of the poly(A) tail that is added to mRNA in eukaryotic cells? a) to prevent…

A: During mRNA processing,there are several types of 3' modifications that can occur on mRNA, including…

Q: If you express a Rab with a mutation in its GEF binding domain in cells, you would observe the…

A: Plasma-membrane is the outer membrane of animal cell. It protects the cell from the external…

Q: Consider the amino acids on the image below. Which of the following amino acids would be most likely…

A: Protein is an essential macronutrient. It is found throughout the body of living beings in muscle,…

Q: Farnesylation of ras allows it to:  a.) be tethered to the plasma membrane. b.) be an integral…

A: Farnesylation is a post-translational modification that includes the addition of a farnesyl lipid to…

Q: You are investigating a lysosomal storage disease and you discover that newly synthesized lysosome…

A: When normally a protein is destined to be targeted to lysosome, then the proteins are modified in…

Q: Which of the following statements about actin is FALSE? a) Actin is involved in cytokinesis. b)…

A: Actin  Actin is the globular multifunctional protein help in the muscles contraction.

Q: What is the order of events for importing a protein to endoplasmic reticulum lumen?

A: Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a network of membranous tubules in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.…

Cell Signaling

It allows cells to perform various cellular activities, coordinate, and interact with other cells. All cells of an organism receive signals from their environments and respond accordingly. Even the unicellular eukaryotes receive signals secreted by other cells and respond. In the case of yeast, mating takes place by signaling between the yeast cells. Communication by cell signaling in a multicellular organism has become a vast and important part of various fields of biology.