1. Draw and label completely the electrophoretic pattern of CK isoenzymes 2. What are the sources of error in Amylase determination?
Q: How is palmitoylation inhibited?
A: Answer
Q: 10. what is the key enzyme of the pentose phosphate pathway also serving as the first enzyme of the…
A: Hexose monophosphate pathway , also known as pent phosphate pathway is a minor pathway for the…
Q: 2. Threonine beta-epimerase is a pyridoxyl phosphate-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the reaction…
A: Enzymes are proteins that catalyze biochemical reactions. Sometimes proteins require a non-protein…
Q: 92. A 4-year-old girl has large xanthomas on the surfaces of her elbows and Achilles tendons. Her…
A: Tendinous and subcutaneous xanthomas are nodular, lipid-filled macrophage deposits that frequently…
Q: 9. For the following aspartate reaction in the presence of inhibitor, Km = 0.00065 M. Determine Vmax…
A: Introduction: Competitive Inhibitors: The subastances which compete with the natural substrate or…
Q: The graph below shows glucose-6-phosphate levels in wild type (white) and Ahxk2 (black) cells after…
A: Wild type cells are usually considered as dominant. Here wild type cells (white) and hexokinase…
Q: 13. How would ATP production in an aerobic yeast culture change if we add the following metabolites…
A: Aerobic yeast culture is a metabolic process in which glucose is metabolize by fermentation even in…
Q: What kind of inhibitor is GMP-PCP?
A: Inhibitors are substances with the ability to reduce the or completely stop the activity of a enzyme…
Q: 1. What is the role of pyridoxal phosphate in transaminase determination? 2. What is the clinical…
A: Transaminases, also known as aminotransferases, catalyze the transamination of an amino acid into a…
Q: Describe the glucose oxidase's general enzymatic class (oxidoreductase, transferase, isomerase,…
A: Since you have asked multiple questions, we will solve only first question for you. If you want any…
Q: 1. Demonstrate your understanding whether carrier-free biocatalysts should or should not be…
A: The immobilized biocatalysts are enzymes attached to an inert, insoluble material. This is the best…
Q: of G6PD. Three mutations for G6PD, AAAAGAGGG AAACAUGGG, „CACAAUCAC-CACCAUCAC, AUGACUAAA AUGGCUAAA…
A: There are three main components in our body that help us to store and express the information within…
Q: Describe how Valine and Leucine feed into the TCA Cycle.
A: TCA cycle occurs in the presence of oxygen. It is also called as Krebs cycle and Citric acid cycle.…
Q: 6. If inhibitor X changes lactase activity to a Vo of 0.333333333333 mM per minute when [S] = 2.0…
A: Michaelis and Menten derived a law in the field known as Enzyme Kinetics in 1913. They formulated an…
Q: 5. › Polyphenoloxidase is involved in the darkening of wheat products due to its oxidative effect on…
A: Enzymes are biocatalysts which increase the rate of chemical reaction by decreasing the activation…
Q: ) i. Why is it hard to rinse out soap with rain water? ii. Discuss 3 effects of enzymatic…
A: Water can be present in two forms, viz. Hard water and Soft water. water is considered hard or soft…
Q: Describe shunting inhibition. What is the cellular mechanism, and how does it cause inhibitory…
A: Shunting is a neuronal event that happens when an excitatory postsynaptic potential and an…
Q: Explain in detail how an ER-positive breast cancer be treated with aromatase inhibitors
A: Breast cancer It is defined as malignant growth that begins from the epithelial lining of the breast…
Q: Bacteria was grown in glycerol and induced with the inducer IPTG. Explain the mechanistic steps…
A: Some strains of E. coli have the lac operon incorporated within a F' factor. The F' factor can be…
Q: 2. To track the insulin purification process, the ratio of insulin to total protein is tracked…
A: To study the physical and chemical properties of insulin, it must be separated from the mixture of…
Q: Can a 65-year-old woman with ER-positive breast cancer be treated with aromatase inhibitors? Explain…
A: Yes aromatase inhibitors used in elder patients with er positive breast cancer because aromatase…
Q: 5. ( Polyphenoloxidase is involved in the darkening of wheat products due to its oxidative effect on…
A: Enzymes are highly specialized proteins that have extraordinary catalytic power, greater than that…
Q: Briefly explain what the "committed step" of a pathway is. Also explain why it makes sense for…
A: Hi! Thank you for the questions. As you have posted a question with multiple subparts, I will be…
Q: In 2-3 sentences, explain what system the authors are studying in this work. Describe what this…
A: Enzymes play a vital role in biology since they reduce the energetic barrier separating substrates…
Q: II. The most highly sensitive test in viral hepatitis is y-Glutamyl transpeptidase (Y-GT) increased…
A: Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase is an enzyme present in the body. GGT test is the diagnostic test that…
Q: 1. The enzyme glutamate dehydrogenase is important in the breakdown of amino acids to produce NH4+.…
A: The glutamate dehydrogenase reaction is given below. Glutamate + H2O + NAD+ → α-Ketoglutarate + NH4+…
Q: 3.How does lactate can enter the Krebs cycle? 4.What are the 2 possible effects of enzyme loss of…
A: Lactic acid is produced mostly by muscle and red blood cells. When the body's oxygen levels are low,…
Q: ligase doesnot occur in OKrebs cycle ONone Oglycolysis Ogluconeogenesis OUrea cycle
A: There are six main classes of enzymes, oxidoreductases, transferases, hydrolases, lyases,…
Q: 7. In experimental laboratory, the effect of epinephrine on glycogen metabolism in a muscle tissue…
A: Epinephrine is also known as adrenaline which is a hormone that is also used as a medication…
Q: What are prodrugs? How is the therapeutic effect of a prodrug affected by enzyme inhibition and…
A: Prodrugs undergo a transformation before exhibiting its pharmacological effects. They comprise…
Q: What enzyme is missing in the Ahxk2 cells, and what reaction does the enzyme catalyze?
A: Wild type cells are usually considered as dominant. Here wild type cells (white) and hexokinase…
Q: 5. Richner-Hanhart syndrome is associated with a defect in which of the following? A.…
A: Tyrosinemia occur due to defective metabolism of tyrosine.
Q: 8. Hers discase (type IV) is a rather rare type of glycogenosis inherited in an autosomal recessive…
A: Mutations in the PYGL gene cause Hers disease. The PYGL gene provides instructions for making an…
Q: 1. Suppose the following kinetic data was collected for an enzymatic reaction For each substrate…
A: Enzyme are proteins that catalyse the conversion of substrate into product. The mathematical…
Q: Please identify the substrate and type of reaction, and explain how these reactions work for the…
A: Succinate Dehydrogenase and L-Amino Acid Reductase are integral components in various cellular…
Q: 4. Different p-latamases employ different mechanisms in catalyzing the hydrolysis of B-lactam ring.…
A: The enzyme β-Lactamase is known to be produced by the bacteria in order to protect from the…
Q: 1. A yeast variant was discovered that had a shorter glycolytic pathway. This "mutant" yeast made a…
A: Metabolic pathways are the set of biochemical reactions catalyzed by the set of enzymes. The product…
Q: 5. (a) Hexokinase IV is known as glucokinase (GCK) and is a central metabolic enzyme that…
A: Hexokinases: An enzyme that phosphorylates hexoses (six-carbon sugars) to produce hexose phosphate.…
Q: 1.State the pH of the normal pH of the cytosol in vivo and explain why, it is important that the pH…
A: Asked : pH of the normal pH of the cytosol in vivo and importance
Q: Aspartate transcarbamylase will also bind to succinate, shown below. What would this lead you to…
A: Enzymes are the proteinous structure that helps in increasing the rate of metabolism. The function…
Q: A certain enzyme, which is only found in unicorns, catalyzes the synthesis of a growth regulator…
A: It is given that activity of a certain enzyme (found only in unicorn) depends on the protonation…
Q: 7. Revised Which of the following enzyme deficiency most commonly causes the disease shown in the…
A: The image shows a child with albinism because the affected child has milky white hair and milky…
1. Draw and label completely the electrophoretic pattern of CK isoenzymes
2. What are the sources of error in Amylase determination?
Step by step
Solved in 3 steps with 2 images
- 5. (a) Hexokinase IV is known as glucokinase (GCK) and is a central metabolic enzyme that participates in glucose homeostatic maintenance by governing the rates of glucose catabolism in pan- creatic B-cells and glycogen storage in hepatocytes (liver cells). In contrast to the regulatory mecha- nisms of hexokinase I or Il in other tissues, GCk is regulated by binding to the Glucokinase Regulatory Protein (GRP) located in the cell nucleus. When glucose in hepatocytes is low, GCK is sequestered in the nucleus by binding to the GRP. High glucose, for instance, after ingestion of a meal, disrupts the GRP-GCK complex, allowing the GCK to diffuse into the cytoplasm to convert glucose into glucose-6- phosphate. Contrast the properties of hexokinases I and IV with respect to oligomeric structure, mech- anism of regulation of their activity, KM value, and dependence of catalytic activity on cellular location. Hexokinase l is found in, for instance, muscle tissue. Property subunit structutre…2. In contrast to the toxicity of 2-fluoro-citrate, L-(2-fluoro-)succinate is not an inhibitor of succinate dehydrogenase and the product 2-fluoro-fumarate is converted by fumarate hydratase to L-(2-fluoro-2- hydroxy)malate that breaks down to oxaloacetate. (a) the FAD coenzyme of succinate dehydrogenase as the normal substrate? Write the reaction with structural formulas to illustrate your answer. Does the oxidation of 2-fluoro-succinate yield the same number of reducing equivalents to (b) droxy)malate, which breaks down spontaneously to oxaloacetate. Write the equation with structural formulas. 2-fluoro-fumarate is a substrate of fumarate hydratase forming only L-(2-fluoro-2-hy- Oxaloacetate has been shown to be a very po- (c) tent inhibitor of succinate dehydrogenase. For the enzyme 3 isolated from cardiac muscle the Kj value is ~4 x 10-6M, as shown in the L-B plot on the right. Yet, this inhibition is never discussed in biochemistry textbooks. From your reading in the textbook,…5. pertaining to glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, TCA cycle, glycogen breakdown and synthesis
- 2. Below is experimental data regarding mode of inhibition of "“Enzyme K" by sucralose. This is a double- reciprocal plot of enzyme velocity (Vo) versus substrate concentration, and each line represents a series of data collected at a different sucralose concentration. This is preliminary experimental data, so for a first- approximation of the experimental data, velocity data without inhibitor present can be overlooked (ignored). 0.04 00 mM sucralose 0.035 O 2.5 mM sucralose 0.03 O 10 mM sucralose 0.025 0.02 0.015 0.01 0.005 -6 2 4 -0.005 -0.01 1/ [substrate] (mM) A) Propose a mechanism of inhibition of this enzyme by sucralose. B) Explain your reasoning to part A). 1/V. (mM1 min)1.A blood test returns elevated aspartate aminotransferase levels. You suspect that the patient has suffered a heart attack. What other serum enzyme level of the ones listed should be tested to confirm the diagnosis? A.acid phosphatase B.lysozyme C.amylase D.alkaline phosphatase E.creatine kinase 2.A blood test returns elevated acid phosphatase levels. What disease(s) is indicated by this test result? select all that apply A.mumps B.bone disease C.prostate cancer D.heart attack E.hepatitis3. In your textbook the termi- nal enzyme catalyzing the ter- minal step of glycolysis is known as pyruvate kinase (PK). No indication is given that in mammalian tissues there are four different iso- forms of this enzyme. The four mammalian isoforms are known as PKL, PKR, PKM1 and PKM2. PKL is expressed in the liver, and PKR is ex- pressed in red blood cells. C PKM1 and PKM2 are derived from altemative splicing of the PKM gene. PKM1 is a constitu- tively active isoform expressed Active Site A PKM2 Monomer B Fructose-1,6-Bisphosphate N Phe, Ala, Ser Binding Site PKM2 Tetramer "Activator" Binding Site in differentiated cells from various tissues. In contrast, PKM2 has low basal activity and is activated by an effector molecule fructose 1,6-bisphosphate (FBP). PKM2 is expressed in most proliferating cells. In addition, the regulation of PKM2 pyruvate kinase activity plays an essential role in cancer metabolism and is crucial for the growth and survival of cancer cells. Recently, PKM2 has…
- 6. When a concentrated alkali solution acts on the purine cycle, it breaks down: A. Ester group B. Imidazole nucleus C. Dioxopyrimidine nucleus D. Lactone cycle 7. According to the Pharmacopoeia, sodium thiopental is quantitatively determined by the following methods: A. Acidimetry B. Alkaimetry C. Gravimetry D. HPLC E. UV spectroscopy 8. When determining the content of free alkali in sodium salts of barbiturates, an indicator is used: A. Methyl orange B. Methyl red C. Timolphthalein D. Phenolphthalein 9. NH-acidic properties are shown by: A. Sulfacyl sodium B. Sodium barbital C. Theobromine D. Hexamidine (primidone) 10. Derivatives of pyrimidine-2,4-dione are derivatives: A. Uracil B. Uretane C. Barbituric acid D. Malonic acid 11. The cerimetric method can be used for quantitative analysis: A. Nicotinic acid B. Atropine sulfate C. Gomatropin hydrobromide D. Nicotinic acid diethylamide E. NifedipinPlease give me detailed information and explain.1. The Fehling’s reaction, which is a simple assay for reducing sugars, was used as a diagnostic test for the determination of blood glucose concentrations for a very long time. However, it has now been replaced by the glucose oxidase test. The enzyme glucose oxidase isolated from the mold Penicillium notatum catalyzes the oxidation of β-D-glucose to D-glucono-δ-lactone. This enzyme is highly specific for the β-anomer of glucose and does not affect the α-anomer. In spite of this specificity, the reaction catalyzed by glucose oxidase is commonly used in a clinical assay for total blood glucose—that is, for solutions consisting of a mixture of β- and α-D-glucose. Explain how this is possible. Aside from allowing the detection of smaller quantities of glucose, what advantage does glucose oxidase offer over Fehling’s reagent for the determination of blood glucose? 2. Consider only the oxygen levels present in the cytoplasm and ECF as shown in the drawing above (no new oxygen is entering…
- 3. Acetylcholinesterase is a serine hydrolase enzyme im- portant in nerve signal transmission, hydrolyzing acetylcho- line, an ester molecule with a positively charged quaternary nitrogen group. The structure of the physiologically relevant substrate of this enzyme is shown on the right. The quater- H₂C nary nitrogen group serves to anchor the molecule in the active site Gly121 Oxy- anion hole Gly122 Ala204 Substrate ACh His447 Catalytic triad Ser203 Glu202 Glu334 Ser229 CH3 N+ CH3 CH3 The a Scale document down rine protease family, consisting of a catalytic triad Ser203- His447-Glu334 with Ser203 supplying the nucleophilic hydroxyl group and an oxyanion hole com- prised of peptide NH groups of Gly121, Gly122, and Ala204, illustrated in the diagram above, for which carbon (green), nitrogen (blue), and oxygen (red) atoms are shown while hydrogen atoms are white. The enzyme catalyzed reaction can be represented by the following scheme: (a)( k1 K2 E + S = ES K-1 K3 EYE + P where ES…1. How would ATP production in an aerobic yeast culture change if we add the following metabolites or chemicals to the cultivation media? Explain why in each case by citing which enzyme(s) or process(es) would be affected.6. Provide a biochemical explanation for the fact that some patients with homocystinuria respond to vitamin Bo, while others do not. 7. In addition to the reaction shown in the metabolic pathway, vitamin Bo participates in a considerable number of other metabolic reactions of amino acids. Why does the daily requirement for vitamin Be vary according to the amount of protein in the diet? 1.
