92. A 4-year-old girl has large xanthomas on the surfaces of her elbows and Achilles tendons. Her serum total cholesterol concentration is 840 mg/dL, serum HDLcholesterol concentration is 70 mg/dL, and serum triglyceride concentration is 110 mg/dL. Cholesterol concentrations do not change with administration of anHMG-CoA reductase inhibitor. The most likely cause is absence of mRNA for which of the following proteins?A) Apolipoprotein B100B) Cholesterol acyltransferaseOC) HMG-CoA reductaseD) LDL-receptorE) Lipoprotein lipaseF) Lysosomal cholesterol esterase

Tendinous and subcutaneous xanthomas are nodular, lipid-filled macrophage deposits that frequently…

Answered: 92. A 4-year-old girl has large…

Phlebotomy Essentials

6th Edition

ISBN:9781451194524

Author:Ruth McCall, Cathee M. Tankersley MT(ASCP)

Publisher:Ruth McCall, Cathee M. Tankersley MT(ASCP)

Chapter1: Phlebotomy: Past And Present And The Healthcare Setting

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1SRQ

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HbA1c is used to monitor blood glucose levels because hemoglobin is the only protein in blood that is covalently modified by glucose. True False Insulin Glargine is a long-acting form of insulin that is synthesized with several D-amino acids that slow its proteolytic degradation and extend the half-life of the insulin Glargine molecule. True False
A. Elastase is activated by trypsinB. Trypsinisactivatedbyelastase Which statement is correct? Proteolytic activation of chymotrypsin from chymotrypsinogen requires cleavage of four peptide bonds. Assume that any proteases can convert 100 substrates to 100 products. Activation of one enteropeptidase can eventually lead to formation of how many chymotrypsin proteins?
How is cigarette smoking related to elastase function? Methionine sulfoxide is formed by cigarette smoke in the antitrypsin protein, which leads to the full manifestation of the disease in individuals heterozygous for emphysema. Oxidation of methionine 358 by cigarette smoke of the elastase inhibitor active site leads to an increased inhibition of elastase and subsequent overaccumulation of mucus in the lungs. The inhibitor of elastase is axidized by cigarette smoke so elastase doesn't function properly in healthy individuals. Cigarette smoke modifies the elastase methionine residues such that the enzyme activity is blocked.
Some are unable to taste thiourea and PTC. DNA sequence results for these individuals show a normal predicted amino acid sequence for the TAS2R38 gene. Provide an explanation that can account for insensitivity to thiourea. (a) First assuming a mutation involving the TAS2R38 gene (b) Then assuming a mutation in a gene other than TAS2R38
Hydroxyurea has been shown to increase the expression of fetal hemoglobin in adult red blood cells, by a mechanism that remains unclear. Explain why hydroxyurea can be a useful therapy for patients with sickle-cell anemia.
1. What is the major tissue source of Alanine Aminotransferase? 2. What is the clinical significance of elevated serum Alanine aminotransferase?
In many individuals with severe cases of A1AT deficiency (the ZZ genotype), intracellular accumulations in the liver are usually noted upon biopsy. What might be the cause of this phenomenon?
In Alzheimer’s disease, nerve cell death is associated with the accumulation of aggregates of misfolded protein. Compare this process with the onset of diabetes mellitus.
What is the effect of cholesterol feeding on the amount of HMG-CoA reductase mRNA?
Thiopurine S-methyltransferase (TPMT) is an enzyme that is responsible for the metabolism of the drugs azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine, which are used to treat acute lymphoblastic leukemia and inflammatory bowel disease. Metabolism by TPMT reduces the bioavailability of the drugs. In addition to the thiopurine substrates, TPMT also binds S-adenosyl methionine as a cofactor. TPMT is a highly polymorphic enzyme; almost 30 variants are known to be expressed in humans, with most of the variants possessing lower enzymatic activity than the wild-type protein (TPMTwt). Despite having substitutions remote from the active site, TPMT*2 (an A80P variant) and TPMT*5 (an L49S variant) have enzyme activities of 47% and 14% relative to TPMTwt at 18°C, respectively. Two techniques were used to understand the relationships between enzymatic activity and protein stability. Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy measures the differential absorption of left and right-circularly polarized light and is used…
. Suggest the effects of each of the following mutations on the physio- logical role of chymotrypsinogen: (a) R15S (b) Cis (c) T147S
Describe one mechanism that leads to continued gluconeogenesis in the liver of T1DM patients, despite already high levels of glucose in the bloodstream.

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