1. A group of investigators wishes to explore the relationship between the use of hair dyes and the development of breast cancer in females. A group of 100 beauticians 40–49 years of age is identified and followed for five years. After five years, 20 new cases of breast cancer have occurred. Assume that breast cancer incidence over this time period for average American women in this age group is 30/100. We wish to test the hypothesis that using hair dyes decrease the risk of breast cancer.  Compute p-value the answer is not 0.0021 a) 0 b) 47.6190

NCI Cancer Bulletin, December 2, 2008 Volume 5 / Number 24 Title of the article: After Menopause, Weight Affects Breast Cancer Rates More than Mammography Use   Women who are overweight or obese after menopause face an increased risk of breast cancer, but a large prospective cohort study indicates that the frequency of mammography use and screening accuracy are not the primary explanations for higher rates of breast cancer in these women. The same is true of large, invasive breast cancer tumors and advanced stage disease; risk increases with weight, but higher rates are not explained by the frequency or accuracy of screening mammography before breast cancer was diagnosed. The study appears in the December 3 Journal of the National Cancer Institute.   Dr. Karla Kerlikowske of the San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center and colleagues gathered data on 287,115 postmenopausal women who were registered in the Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium database. Reflecting a trend in the…

researcher suspects that the actual prevalence of generalized anxiety among children and adolescents is higher than the previously reported prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder among children and adolescents. The previously reported prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder among children and adolescents is 3.9%, and the researcher conducts a study to test the accuracy of the previously reported prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder by recruiting 98 children and adolescents from various pediatricians' offices and tests them for generalized anxiety disorder using the DSM-5. The researcher determines that the prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder among the participants of the study is 6.1%. What should the researcher's conclusion be for a 5% significance level?   A. We reject H0 at the 5% level because -57.53 is less than -1.96. We do have statistically significant evidence to show the actual prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder among children and adolescents…

Researchers are interested in determining if there is a difference in the proportion of women who choose the different types of treatments for those diagnosed with Ductal Carcinoma in Situ (DIS) breast cancer, which is a form of breast cancer that occurs in the Breast Ducts and has not spread. Following a diagnoses of DCIS, women can choose between three different treatment plans: a mastectomy or a lumpectomy followed by radiation therapy or a lumpectomy followed by Adjuvant Endocrine therapy. A random sample of 500 women diagnosed with DCIS breast cancer was obtained. Of the 500 women, 190 chose to have a mastectomy, 150 chose to have a lumpectomy followed by radiation, and 160 chose to have a lumpectomy followed by Adjuvant Endocrine therapy. At the 1% significance level, what conclusion can be reached?

NCI Cancer Bulletin, December 2, 2008 Volume 5 / Number 24 Title of the article: After Menopause, Weight Affects Breast Cancer Rates More than Mammography Use   Women who are overweight or obese after menopause face an increased risk of breast cancer, but a large prospective cohort study indicates that the frequency of mammography use and screening accuracy are not the primary explanations for higher rates of breast cancer in these women. The same is true of large, invasive breast cancer tumors and advanced stage disease; risk increases with weight, but higher rates are not explained by the frequency or accuracy of screening mammography before breast cancer was diagnosed. The study appears in the December 3 Journal of the National Cancer Institute.   Dr. Karla Kerlikowske of the San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center and colleagues gathered data on 287,115 postmenopausal women who were registered in the Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium database. Reflecting a trend in the…

A doctor is studying the relationship between blood pressure and heartbeat abnormalities in her patients. She tests a random sample of her patients and notes their blood pressures (high, low, or normal) and their heartbeats (regular or irregular). She finds that: 14% have high blood pressure. • 22% have low blood pressure. 15% have an irregular heartbeat. • Of those with an irregular heartbeat, one-third have high blood pressure. • Of those with normal blood pressure, one-eighth have an irregular heartbeat. What portion of the patients selected have a regular heartbeat and low blood pressure? (0.2)

Here is the scenario for your Between Subjects Independent One Way ANOVA: Dr. Xena is interested in determine which type of therapy best helps persons with bipolar depression.  She gathers a random and representative sample of men and women ages 18-95 years of age who have a diagnosis of Bipolar Depression who are taking Lithium for at least 6 months.  She randomly assigns participants to conditions and measures well being scores after 4 months of therapy.  Well being scores range from 0-100, with 100 being high well-being (feel good and experiencing no mood swings).  Here is the data: Cognitive Therapy                                        EMDR   Therapy                                   Psychoanalytical Therapy       15                                                                               72                                                                      28 78                                                                                91…

NCI Cancer Bulletin, December 2, 2008 Volume 5 / Number 24 Title of the article: After Menopause, Weight Affects Breast Cancer Rates More than Mammography Use   Women who are overweight or obese after menopause face an increased risk of breast cancer, but a large prospective cohort study indicates that the frequency of mammography use and screening accuracy are not the primary explanations for higher rates of breast cancer in these women. The same is true of large, invasive breast cancer tumors and advanced stage disease; risk increases with weight, but higher rates are not explained by the frequency or accuracy of screening mammography before breast cancer was diagnosed. The study appears in the December 3 Journal of the National Cancer Institute.   Dr. Karla Kerlikowske of the San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center and colleagues gathered data on 287,115 postmenopausal women who were registered in the Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium database. Reflecting a trend in the…