Researchers are interested in determining if there is a difference in the proportion of women who choose the different types of treatments for those diagnosed with Ductal Carcinoma in Situ (DCIS) breast cancer, which is a form of breast cancer that occurs in the Breast Ducts and has not spread. Following a diagnoses of DCIS, women can choose between three different treatment plans: a mastectomy or a lumpectomy followed by radiation therapy or a lumpectomy followed by Adjuvant Endocrine therapy. A random sample of 500 women diagnosed with DCIS breast cancer was obtained. Of the 500 women, 190 chose to have a mastectomy, 150 chose to have a lumpec- tomy followed by radiation, and 160 chose to have a lumpectomy followed by Adjuvant Endocrine therapy. At the 1% significance level, what conclusion can be reached?

Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and also one of the most important.  The recommended daily allowance (RDA) of calcium for adults is 800 milligrams (mg).  A random sample of 18 people with incomes below the poverty level gives the following  daily calcium intakes:  686, 433, 743, 647, 734, 641, 993, 620, 574, 634, 850, 858, 992, 775, 1113, 672, 879, 609  At the 1% significance level, do the data provides sufficient evidence to conclude that the  mean calcium intake of all people with income levels below the poverty level is less than  the RDA of 800 mg?  Step 1 :   Step 2:   3.Critical Value approach:   4.Conclusion:

Two different blood pressure medicines are being compared to determine if the average reduction in blood pressure is the same for each medication. The goal of the study is to determine if the medications differ. Twenty men age 50-60 years old are selected for the study. Ten men are chosen at random to receive the first medication and the other 10 men receive the second medication. Each of the 20 men is monitored for one month to determine the change in blood pressure over that time. Minitab provides the 95% confidence interval for (mu1 - mu2) (2.63, 14.18) a. Interpret this 95% CI. b. What assumptions (be specific) are necessary to construct this CI?

A pharmaceutical company proposed a vaccine that would combat paralytic polio. Two independent random samples were collected from the population. One random sample of 201,229 was given the placebo, and among them 100,910 contracted paralytic polio. The other random sample of 200,745 was given the vaccine, and among them 50,033 people ended up contracting paralytic polio. Let the true proportion of cases of paralytic polio given placebo be p1p1 and the true proportion of cases of paralytic polio given vaccine be p2. Calculate the upper bound of a 95% confidence interval for p1−p2. Round your answer to three decimal places.

A study used 1259 patients who had suffered a stroke. The study randomly assigned each subject to an aspirin treatment or a placebo treatment. During a 3-year follow-up period, in Sample 1, 634 people received placebo treatments and 25 people died from heart attack. In sample 2, 625 people received aspirin treatment and 18 died from heart attack. Let pl denote the population proportion of death from heart attack for those with no treatment and p2 denote the population proportion of death from heart attack for those with aspirin treatment. (c) Which of SEO and SE1 is used for calculating a confidence interval for comparing two population proportions? Which is used for calculating the test statistic in a hypothesis test? (d) Construct the 95% confidence interval for pi – p2. Interpret.

Taxi    Brand A    Brand B1    38,300    39,8002    37,700    38,1003    42,200    43,0004    42,300    41,6005    48,200    47,0006    36,100    40,4007    35,300    36,4008    44,600    45,900

A study is conducted to estimate the association between exposure to lead paint in childhood and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Data on n = 400 children are collected, and data on exposure and ADHD diagnosis are shown in Table 9–26.   Estimate the crude or unadjusted relative risk. Estimate the crude or unadjusted odds ratio.

Postpartum depression and anxiety (PPD), is a common medical condition affecting mothers and their families after the birth of a baby. The CDC estimated that 18 % of women who have recently given birth suffer from PPD. However, this research only reflected self-reported cases. Therefore, one group dedicated to helping women and their families with PPD believes that the true percentage of women who suffer from PPD is much higher. The group conducts a simple random sample of 119 women who had given birth in the last year and discovers that 28 of them report having PPD. Based on this evidence, can the group claim that the true percentage of women who have PPD is greater than 18 % ? Use a 0.10 level of significance. Step 1 of 3: State the null and alternative hypotheses for the test. Fill in the blank below. Ho :p = 0.18 Ha:P 0.18 Answer E Tables E Keypad Keyboard Shortcuts O > Prev Nex © 2021 Hawkes Learning JIS A

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Calculate an odds ratio A group of teens ages 13-17 with anxiety were chosen as cases in a case-control study. A second group of teens ages 13-17 without anxiety were chosen as controls for the same study. The researchers were investigating if attention deficient and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a potential risk factor (exposure) for anxiety (outcome). The medical histories of cases and controls were examined to determine if participants had been diagnosed with ADHD between ages 8 and 10. Among cases (teens with anxiety), 77 had been diagnosed with ADHD between ages 8 and 10 and 34 had not been diagnosed with ADHD between ages 8 and 10. Among controls (teens without anxiety), 18 had been diagnosed with ADHD between ages 8 and 10 and 124 had not been diagnosed with ADHD between ages 8 and 10. Calculate the odds ratio to measure the association between being ADHD and anxiety in teens. Express your answer to the nearest tenth or 1 place past the decimal (example: 15.4).