1) Graphically illustrate the short-run and long-run effects of monetary expansion on the exchange rate. Would exchange rate still be so volatile if the price level were perfectly flexible? Elaborate on your results.
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- Please label your answers to the following questions clearly. (a) Outline two factors that affect the demand for a currency and two factors that affect its supply. (b) Imagine that the diagram below respresents the market for the Australian Dollar. Refer to this diagram in explaining what would happen to the value of the Australian Dollar if Australia suddenly experienced an increase in its inflation rate relative to that of its trading partners. ER SAUD ER, DAUD Quantity of AUDWhat is the difference between transaction demand, speculative demand, and autonomous transactions by central banks? Which of these factors determines the longterm quarterly trends in exchange rates?15. Why do exchange rates frequently violate the theory of PPP? To what extent does this diminish the theory's usefulness for understanding exchange rate determination?
- Using the concept of "carry trade," explain how a decrease in U.S. interest rates could affect the EUR/USD exchange rate. Given this change in exchange rate, how would firms and customers be affected? professors note Supply and demand for currencies can be tricky, not least due to the confusing idea that what we are buying or selling is money itself! Once you can wrap your mind around the idea that money is what is being obtained for other money, the next set of questions relates to what would or could make the price of one money change in terms of another. To this effect, I'd recommend a primer from Investopedia: Six Factors That Influence Exchange Rates. For your consideration in responding to this post, I suggest reading on how the Carry Trade has the capacity to magnify systemic risk.14. Today many Central Banks around the World are thinking of Increasing interest rates. Why? What could be the dangers of increasing those interest rates too much? 15. What will happen to the trade balance and the real exchange rate of a small open economy when govenment purchases increase, such as during a war? Does your answer depend on whether this is a local war or a global war? On those grounds, In the current situation of the Russian invasion, what should happen between the dollar and the Euro?Suppose that the Federal Reserve cannot convince the public of its commitment to fight inflation in the United States in the near future. a) What would be the effect on the expected appreciation of the U.S. dollar? b) What would be the effect on the spot exchange rate for the U.S. dollar? Explain your answer using a graph.
- Please fill in the last two columns using the following information: The expected US dollar-South African rand (R) exchange rate in one year’s time (Ee$/R) is $0.076 for one rand. Calculate the exchange-rate changes for the two spot rates provided below and enter each in column four. If interest parity holds, please write “yes” in the appropriate row of column five. If it does not hold, please write “no.” Interest Ratefor the Dollari$ Interest Ratefor the RandiR Spot Exchange Rate E$/R Exchange-rate change (to 3 decimal places) Interest paritycondition holds (Yes/No)? 0.015 0.065 0.075 0.015 0.065 0.0801. What is the meaning of purchasing power parity? 2. What is the difference between nominal exchange rate and real exchange rate? What is another example of this nominal vs. real dichotomy in economics? 3. What is the relationship between money supply growth, GDP growth, and inflation based on the quantity theory of money? 4. What is real interest parity? 5. How does a fixed exchange rate act as a nominal anchor to potentially help control a country's rate of inflation?With the strengthening of the yen against the U.S. dollar in 2010, Japan’s central bank did not take any action. A leading Japanese politician has called on the central bank to take actions to weaken the yen, saying it will help exporters in the short run and have no long-run effects. a. What is Japan’s current exchange rate policy b. What does the politician want the exchange rate policy to be in the short run? Why would such a policy have no effect on the exchange rate in the long run?
- How will the following event affect variables 1 through 3 in the foreign exchange market under a flexible exchange rate system; other things unchanged. Event: The U.S. Central Bank (the Fed) purchases US dollar using pesos it has on reserve: Variable 1: Supply of pesos in the foreign exchange market ___(increase, decrease, unaffected; briefly explain why). Variable 2: Value of pesos in the foreign exchange market ____(appreciate, depreciate, unaffected; briefly explain why). Variable 3: Mexican goods exported to the U.S. ______________(increase, decrease, unaffected; briefly explain why).You are the chief economic adviser in a small open economy with a floating exchange rate system. Your boss, the president of the country, wishes to increase the level of output in the short run in order to win reelection. Do you recommend using monetary or fiscal policy? Expansionary or contractionary? Use the Mundell-Fleming model to illustrate graphically your proposed policy. State in words what happens to real output, the nominal exchange rate, the level of consumption, the level of investment, and the net exports,Suppose more companies begin to “nudge” their employees into saving for retirement throughthe use of automatic enrollment plans. Use the long-run model of a small open economy to graphically illustrate the impact of the rise in retirement savings on the exchange rate and the trade balance. Explain the results of your graphical analysis in detail. Assume that the country starts from a position of the trade balance. Be sure to label: i. the axes; ii. the curves; iii. the initial equilibrium values; iv. the direction that the curves shift; and v. the new long-runequilibrium values
